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JOURNAL 


or 


CAPTAIN  PAUSCH 


Chim 


or  TH«    Hanau    A«TltL..y   dmino 


THB 


BURGOYNE  CAMPAIGN. 

Translated  AND   Annotated 


By 


WILLIAM  L.  STONK. 

I       Introduction  by 
EDWARD  J.   LOWELL 


■■I 


^  LEANT,    N,  r 

JOKI.   MUXSKLi.'S  SON'S.  8a  S  rATE  ST 

M.DCCC.LXXXVI. 


/^^l/'H' 


^3  3 
^53 


n 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


'  •  ■ » > 


Preface        ----__ 
Introduction    -         -         -         -         _ 
Journal       ----__ 
Accountof  action  of  Oct.  7,  1777 
Appendix  —  Extract    from  Gen.     Putnam's 
MSS.     regarding    Burgoyne's    campaign 
which   was    received  after  the  book  had 
gone  to  press.     -         -         -         -         _  i 
Index      ---___ 
Errata         ---_-_ 


111 
f 

159 


y6a 
186 


; 


TO 


(Bmtval  i^oratio  IRoger^, 

Whose  admirable  editorship  of  Haddrn's 
Journal,  justly  entitles  him  to  rank  as 
>     one  of  the  most  accomplished   of 
Burgoyne's  scholars,  this  volume 
is  affectionately  dedicated  by 
his  old  college-mate, 
the  Translator. 


PREFACE. 


\\\ 


jHERE  are  two  ways  of  translating. 
One  is  to  paraphase  ch'^  original  :  the 
other  is  to  give  the  text  iiicirally.  The 
first  method  admits  of  an  elegr^nc  rendering,  hy 
which  the  different  shades  o{  an  author  s  mean- 
ing are  often  sacrificed  to  bennty  of  diction. 
The  second,  at  the  expense  of  style,  aims  to  give 
clearly  the  writer's  ideas.  This  last  is  the  plan 
I  have  adopted  in  this  translation,  believing  that 
the  reader  would  prefer  to  know  just  what 
Pausch  intended  to  convey. 

The  translation  of  this  Journal  has  been  at- 
tended with  peculiar  difficulties,  from  the  fact 
that  much  of  it  is  in  language  now  obsolete. 
Especially  is  this  the  case  in  regard  to  technical 
terms  used  to  describe  military  manoeuvres. 
Fortunately,  however,  I  have  had  the  aid  of  several 
genticinen  who    have  served  for  a  long  time  in 


J 


K 


1  > 


PREFJCE  *^ 

the  Pn-ssian  army,  one  of  whom,  being  a  native 
of  Hesse-Hanau.  is   specially   familiar   with  the 
idioms  of  the  language  in  that  part  of  Germany. 
Thus,  my  thanks    are    particularly  due  to    Mr. 
Henry    A.    Fischer,    of  New    York   City,    Mr. 
Robert    Moeller    of   Jersey    City,    Mr.    Eugene 
Vo^el  of   New    York   City,  formerly   an  officer 
in  the  9th    Regiment  of  the  Schleswig  Holstem 
Field-Artillery,  and  also  to   Dr.  James  A.  Butler 
of   Madison,    Wis.  -himself  an    accomplished 
German  scholar  -  for  valuable  aid  in  unravelling 
several  knotty  passages.     I  am  also  under  heavy 
obligation  to  Mr.  Edward  J.   Lowell,   tor   giving 
my  readers  the  benefit  of  his  great  store  of  knowl- 
edge regarding  the  relations  existing,  at  the  time 
that  Pausch  wrote,  between  the  English  Govern- 
ment and  the  petty  Germin   Princes  ;   and  like- 
wise to  Mr.  Wm.  T.  Markham— an  experienced 
civil   engineer -for  visiting  the  Battle-Ground, 
and  preparing  a  map  showing   the  movements  of 
Captain  Pausch  during  the  Action  ot  the  7th  of 

October. 

A  word  more  concerning  the  Journal  itself. 

Pausch's   Journal,  the   original  MS.  of  which 
was  recently    found  by  Mr.    Edward  J.   Lowell, 


PREFACE  y 

in  the  State   Library  at   Cassel    (Standlsche  Lan- 
desbibliothek)  is  among  the  most  valuable  of  the 
Journals    of    the    German    Troops    during    the 
Revolution,  that  have  yet  been  discovered —  in- 
asmuch as  it  gives   with  great   fulness  of  detail, 
the  difficulties   which  the  Hessians   experienced 
in  going    through    the   countries   on    the    lower 
Rhine    and    Holland    to    the    Seaboard.       This 
manuscript,  of  one   hundred   and    seventy  pages, 
details  the  fate  and   fortune  of  Pausch   and  his 
men    from    May    15,    1776   (the    day    they    left 
Hanau),  to  the   close  of  Burgoyne's    last    battle, 
Oct.  7th,    1777.      Hanau  is  on    the  Main.     The' 
vessels  in   which  they  there   embarked,  conveyed 
them   to  a  transport   at  the  mouth  of  the  Waal 
which  took    them  to  Spithead,    to  Quebec,    and 
so  to  the  river  Sorel.      The  whole  transit  occu- 
pied three  months  and  a  half     To  guard  against 
desertion   in  passing  through    the  free   states  on 
the  Rhine,   the    vessels  either   anchored  in    the 
middle  of  the  river,  or   were  moored   to  islands 
The  transport  had  been  engaged  in    the  Guinea 
slave  trade,  and  so  was  fit  for  the  German  slave 
trade.     She  started   with  one  recalcitrant  gunner 
in  irons.     The  Journal  also  dwells  freely  on  the 
personal  experiences  of  its  author  ^and  his  men 


I  -^ 


J 


> 


VI 


PREFACE 


while  in  Canada  ;  and  one  thus  gets  glimpses 
into  the  private  life  of  these  execrated  Hessian 
soldiers  which  make  one  lament  their  hard  and 
unhonored  fate.  Both  officers  and  men  were 
cavalierly  treated  by  their  English  comrades. 
English  officers  could  command  Germans  ;  but 
German  officers  could  have  no  authority  over 
English  soldiers  ;  and  an  attempt  was  made  to 
deprive  Capt.  Pausch's  men  of  their  side  arms, 
when  off  duty. 

The  Journal,  moreover,  is  most  copious  in 
describing  the  three  battles  in  which  Pausch  and 
his  battery  took  an  active  part,  viz :  the  naval 
action  against  Arnold  on  Lake  Champlain,  and 
the  battles  on  the  19th  of  September,  and  the 
7th  of  October.  In  regard  to  the  naval  action, 
we  are  told  by  Pausch,  that  Arnold's  heroism, 
and  that  of  his  men,  made  his  conquerors  afraid 
to  move  forward  from  Crown  Point,  or  even  to 
winter  there.  Pausch,  who  first  met  the  rebels 
at  Valcour,  testifies  to  their  firing  so  well  as  to 
sink  one  of  his  vessels,  and  firing  still  when  their 
own  were  sinking.  His  minute  account  of  this 
action,  which  tallies  with  Gen.  Rogers'  account 
in  Haddens  Journal,  must   correct  and  complete 


'iJLiijjjmiiui.u'!.* 


VI 


PREFACE 

those   already    in    circulation.      Regarding    also 
the  battles  of  Saratoga,  Pausch's   account  is   the 
first  we  have    had  of  the    part    played    by    the 
Hanau  Artillery  in   those    actions,    which  well 
supplements  that  played  at  the  same  time  by  the 
Brunswick    Infantry,    as   given    in    the  Military 
Journals  of  Gen.  RiedeseL      In   fact,  no  historian 
of  these  conflicts  and  no  one  interested  in  this 
portion  of  our  Revolutionary  history,  can  fail  to 
learn    something  he    would  be    glad    to    know, 
from  the  day  book  of  this  Hessian  officer. 

William  L.  Stone. 
Jersey  City  Heights,  Dec,  ist,  1886. 


I  '• 


INTRODUCTION. 


jHE  town  of  Hanau  lies  upon  the  Main 
about  a  dozen  miles  above  Frankfort,  in 
the  midst  of  a  vast  plain.  The  county 
of  Hanau  extended  in  the  last  century  some 
forty-five  or  fifty  miles  east  and  west,  but  was  in 
few  places  more  than  five  miles  wide.  There 
were  outlying  pieces  scattered  here  and  there 
among  the  neighboring  states,  as  was  usual 
with  German  counties.  Hither,  in  the  year 
1754,  had  come  the  Princess  Mary,  daughter  of 
King  George  II,  of  England,  and  wife  of  Fred- 
crick,  the  Hereditary  Prince  of  Hesse  Cassel, 
who  had  lately  avowed  his  conversion  to  the 
Catholic  creed.  "  He  was  a  brutal  German," 
says  Horace  Walpole,  "  obstinate,  of  no  genius, 
and  after  long   treating  the  Princess  Mary,    who 


l„ 


2  INTRODUCTION. 

was  the  mildest  and  gentlest  of  her  race,  with 
great  inhumanity,  had  for  some  time  lived  on 
no  terms  with  her  ;  his  father,  the  Landgrave 
William  protected  her  :  an  arbitrary,  artful  man, 
of  no  reputation  for  integrity."^ 

The  Princess  had  been  married   fourteen  years 
at  the  time  of  her  separation  from  her  husband, 
and   she  brought   three  sons  with   her  to  Hanau. 
The  oldest,  William,  was   independent  Count  of 
that  territory.     His   cousin.  King  George    III, 
was  a  surety  for  his  independence,  until  the  time 
should   come   for   him  to   succeed   his  father   at 
Cassel.     William  was  a  heartless  pedant,  fond  of 
money  and  of  pleasure.     The  business  of  letting 
out  troops  for  hire  was  hereditary  in  his  family, 
having  been  entered  into  by  his  great-grandfather, 
nearly  a  hundred  years  before,  and   pursued  ever 
since  that  time.     When,    therefore,  in  the  sum- 
mer of   1775.  the  Hereditary  Prince  heard  that 
his  dear  cousin  was  in  difficulties  in  America,  he 
wrote  him  the  following  letter. 


«  Memoirs  of  George  H,  Vol.  I,  p.  351. 


INTRODUCTION.  .  ^ 

'"The  Hereditary  Prince  of  Hessk  Casoel 
TO  King  George  III. 


Sire, 


Hanau,  ce  19.  aout  1775. 


L'Epoque  presente  que  les  troubles  suscites  par 
les    sujets    de    V.   M-  dans   une  autre  partie  du 
mondeont  fait  naitre,  rallurnele  zele  et  I'attache- 
ment  de  tous  ceux  qui    p^netres   de   vos  bontcs. 
Sire,  ne  cessent  de  faire  les  voeux  les  plus  ardens 
pour  la  felicite  et  le  repos  du  meilleur  des  Rois. 
Anime    de    ces    sentiments    que  mon    respect 
soumis   et   mon    attachement    inviolable  pour  sa 
Personne   me   dictent,  je  supplie    V.  M-  d'agrecr 
favorablementque  dans  cet  instant  ou  Elle  paroit 
desirer   des    trouppes  Allemandes  j'ose  lui  ofFrir 
dans  la   moindre   condition  et  a  ses   ordres   mon 
Regiment    d'Infanterie    compose    de    cinq    cent 
hommes,  tous   enfants  du  pays  que  la  protection 
dc  V-    M'^  m'assure   uniquement   et    tous  prets  a 
sacrilier   avec  moi  leur   vie  et  leur  sang  pour  son 
service. 

Daign^z  me  pardonner   la  liberte  que  je  prens 
et   regarder  Hritention    et  non   la   chose  meme. 

'State  Paper  Office,  Hoii.nd.      Vol.  59.,  ,..ted  in  Der  SolJaUn,a„Ju  ,....,.r 
Funten  nach  Amtrika  -von  F.  Ku/./>,  .864. 


.  INTRODUCTION. 

4- 

Que  ne  puisse,  je  ofFrir  20  m.  hommes  a  V.  M'* 
ce  seroit  avec  le  meme  empressement.  Qu'il  lui 
plaise  done  de  disposer  entierement  de  mon  Regi- 
ment ii  quel  terns  et  ou  EUe  ordonnera.  II  est 
tout  piet  au  premier  clin  d'oeuil  qu'Ellc  daignera 
m'cn  faire  donncr." 

This  letter  was  despatched  under  cover  to  Sir 
Joseph  Yorke,  the  British  ambassador  at  the 
Hague,  who  promptly  transmitted  it  to  London. 
On  the  I  St  of  September,  the  Earl  of  Suffolk, 
Secretary  of  State  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  it 
to  Sir  Joseph.^  "  The  nobleness  of  sentiment 
and  affectionate  attachment,  which  dictated  His 
Serene  Highness's  offer,  and  the  handsome  man- 
ner in  which  it  is  expressed,  cannot  be  suffi- 
ciently admired.  His  Majesty  feels  the  extent 
of  it  all  and  will  return  an  answer  in  his  own 
hand."'  ' 

In  the  following  November,  Colonel  William 
Faucitt   received   orders  to  negotiate   with  Ger- 
man princes,    for   troops  to   be  used  in  America. 
His  first  bargains  were   made  with  the    Duke  of 
Brunswick  and  the   Landgrave   of  Hesse  Cassel, 

~^ilCapp,  F.  Der  Soldatenhandel  dcutscher  Fursten  nach  Amerika,  p.  2.27,  1864. 

"State  Paper  Office,  German    States,  Vol,   102,    quoted  in    Der    SoldaunhandeL 
deuticher  Furuen  nach  Amerika -von  F.  Kafp,  i%^\. 


MHfi 


INTRODUCTION.  - 

5 

the  father  of  Prince  William.  On  the  4th  of 
February,  1776,  the  Colonel  arrived  at  Hanau, 
and  presented  the  following  letter. 

'King  George  III,  to  the  Hereditary 

Prince  OF  Hesse  Cassel. 

St.  James,  January  2,  1776. 
Mon  Cousin, 

En    consequence    de    ce    que    mon    principal 
Secretaire    d'Etat,     le    Comte  de    Suffolk,    a    eu 
I'honneur  de  vous  ecrire  en  mon  nom,  j'ai  charge 
le  Col.  Faucitt    de  se  rendre  a  votre  cour  de  vous 
presenter  cette   lettre  de  ma  part  et  de  reiterer 
les  assurances   de  ma  sensibilite,  pour  la   maniere 
noble  avec  laquelle  vous  avez  bien  voulu  m'offrir 
vos  troupes.     Je  les    accepte   avec  bien  des   re- 
mercimens   et   ayant   muni    le    Col.    Faucitt  des 
pleni-pouvois  necessaires  pour  conclure  une  con- 
vention avec  vous,  je  vous  prie  de  donner  creance 
entiere  a  ce  qu'il  vous  dira  en   mon  nom,  surtout 
quand  il  vous  donnera  des  assurances  de  I'amitic 
et  de  I'estime,  avec  lesquelles  je  suis,  etc.,  etc." 
The  bargain  was    quickly  concluded.     On  the 

«  Almon'3  Parliamentary  register,  Vol.  3,  p.  300-302,  1776. 


m^ 


INTRODUCTION. 


5th,  Faucitt  was  able  to  send  off  to  London,  the 
following  treaty. 

•*  Be  it  known  to  all  whom  it  may  concern, 
that  his  Majesty  the  King  of  Great  Britain 
having  judged  proper  to  accept  a  body  of  in- 
fantry of  the  troops  of  his  most  serene  highness 
the  hereditary  Prince  of  Hesse  Cassell,  reigning 
Count  of  Hanau,  &c.,  to  be  employed  in  the 
service  of  Great  Britain,  the  high  contracting 
parties  have  giving  orders  for  this  purpose  to 
their  respective  ministers,  that  is  to  say,  his  Brit- 
annic Majesty  to  Colonel  William  Faucitt, 
captain  of  the  guards ;  and  the  most  serene 
hereditary  Prince  of  Hesse  Cassell  to  his  minister 
and  privy  councillor  Frederic  de  Malsbourg ; 
who  after  the  exchange  of  their  respective  full 
powers  have  agreed  upon  the    following  articles. 

Art.  I.  The  said  Most  Serene  Prince  yields 
to  his  Britannic  Majesty  a  body  of  infantry  of 
six  hundred  sixty-eight  men,  which  shall  be  at 
the  entire  disposition  of  the  King  of  Great  Bri- 
tain. 

Art.  II.  The  Most  Serene  Prince  engages  to 
equip  compleatly  this  corps,  and  that  it  shall  be 
ready  to   march    the  twentieth  of  the  month  of 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

March  next,  at  farthest.  The  said  corps  shall 
pass  in  review  before  his  Britannic  Majesty's 
commissary  at  Hanau,  if  that  can  be  done,  or  at 
some  other  place,  as  opportunity  shall  offer. 

Art.  III.  The  Most  Serene  Prince  engages  to 
furnish  the  recruits  annually  necessary  ;  these  re- 
cruits shall  be  delivered  to  his  Britannic  Majesty's 
commissary,  disciplined  and  compleatly  equipped : 
his  Most  Serene  Highness  will  do  his  utmost 
that  the  whole  may  arrive  at  the  place  of  their 
embarkation  at  the  time  his  Majesty  shall  fix 
upon. 

Art.  IV.  The  service  of  his  Britannic  Ma- 
jesty, and  the  preservation  of  the  troops,  requir- 
ing equally  that  the  commanding  officers  and 
subalterns  should  be  perfectly  acquainted  with 
the  service,  his  Most  Serene  Highness  will  take 
proper  care  in  the  choice  of  them. 

Art.  V.  The  Most  Serene  Prince  engages  to 
put  this  corps  on  the  best  footing  possible,  and 
none  shall  be  admitted  into  it  but  persons  proper 
for  campaign  service,  and  acknowledged  as  such 
by  his  Britannic  Majesty's  commissary. 


n 


'  ri 


k 


8 


INTRODUCTION. 


Art.  VI.     This  corps  shall  be  furnished  with 
tents  and  all  necessary  equipage. 

•  Art.  VII.  The  King  grants  to  this  corps 
the  ordinary  and  extraordinary  pay,  as  well  'as 
all  the  advantages  in  forage,  provisions,  winter- 
quarters,  and  refreshments,  &c.,  &c.,  enjoyed  by 
the  royal  troops ;  and  the  Most  Serene  Prince 
engages  to  let  this  corps  enjoy  all  the  emolu- 
ments of  pay  that  his  Britannic  Majesty  allows 
them.  The  sick  and  wounded  of  the  said  corps 
shall  be  taken  care  of  in  the  King's  hospitals,  and 
shall  be  treated  in  this  respect  as  his  Britannic 
Majesty's  troops ;  and  the  wounded,  not  in  a 
condition  to  serve,  shall  be  transported  into 
Europe,  and  sent  back  into  their  own  country  at 
the    expence  of  the  King. 

Art.  VIII.  There  shall  be  paid  to  his  Most 
Serene  Highness,  under  the  title  of  levy  money, 
for  each  foot  soldier,  thirty  crowns  banco;  the 
crown  reckoned  at  fifty-three  sols  of  Holland : 
one  half  of  this  levy- money  shall  be  paid  six 
weeks  after  the  signature  of  the  treaty,  and  the 
other  half,  three  months  and  a  half  after  the 
signature. 


INTRODUCTION. 


■ 


Art.  IX.  According  to  custom,  three  wounded 
men  shall  be  reckoned  as  one  killed  :  a  man 
killed,  shall  be  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  the  levy- 
money.  If  it  shall  happen  that  any  company  of 
this  corps  should  be  entirely  ruined  or  destroyed, 
the  King  will  pay  the  expence  of  the  necessary 
recruits  to  re-establish  this  corps. 

Art.  X.  The  Most  Serene  Prince  reserves  to 
himself  the  nomination  to  the  vacant  employ- 
ments, as  also  the  administration  of  justice. 
Moi^^over  his  Britannic  Majesty  will  cause  orders 
to  be  given  to  the  commander  of  the  army  in 
which  this  corps  shall  serve,  not  to  exact  of  this 
corps  any  extraordinary  services,  or  such  as  are 
beyond  their  proportion  with  the  rest  of  the 
army  ;  and  when  they  shall  serve  with  the  Eng- 
lish troops,  or  with  other  auxiliaries,  the  officers 
shall  command  (as  the  military  service  re- 
quires of  itself)  according  to  their  military  rank, 
and  the  seniority  of  their  commissions,  without 
making  any  distinction  of  what  corps  the  troops 
may  be  with  which  they  may  serve.  This  corps 
shall  take  the  oath  of  fidelity  to  his  Britannic 
Majesty,  without  prejudice  to  that  which  they 
have  taken  to  their  sovereign. 


m 


lO 


INTRODUCTION. 


Art.  XI.  Their  pay  shall  commence  fifteen 
days  before  the  march  of  this  body  of  troops,  and 
from  the  time  the  troops  shall  have  quitted  their 
quarters^  in  order  to  repair  to  the  place  of  their 
destination,  all  the  expences  of  march  and  trans- 
port, as  well  as  of  the  future  return  of  the  troops 
into  their  own  country,  shall  be  at  the  charge  of 
his  Britannic  Majesty. 

Art.  XII.  His  Britannic  Majesty  will  grant 
to  the  Most  Serene  Prince,  during  all  the  time 
that  this  body  of  troops  shall  be  in  the  pay  of 
his  Majesty,  an  annual  subsidy  of  twenty-five 
thousand  and  fifty  crowns  banco.  His  Majesty 
shall  cause  notice  of  the  cessation  of  the  afore- 
said subsidy  to  be  given,  a  whole  year  before  it 
shall  cease  to  be  paid,  provided  that  this  notice 
shall  not  be  given  till  after  the  return  of  the 
troops  into  the  dominions  ol*  his  Most  Serene 
Highness. 

This  treaty  shall  be  ratified  by  the  high  con- 
tracting parties,  and  the  ratifications  thereof  shall 
be  exchanged  as  soon  as  possible.  In  witness 
whereof,   we   the   undersigned,    in   virtue  of  our 


^ 


INTRODUCTION. 


11 


full  powers    have  signed   the  present    treaty,   and 
have  thereunto  put  the  seals  of  our  arms. 

Done  at  Hanau,  the  5th  of  February,   1776. 
|L.  S.J  Frederic  I5n.  de  Malsboukg." 

[L.  S.|  William  Faucitt. 

On  the  17th  of  March,  1776,  the  Prince  an- 
nounced to  King  George  the  departure  of  his 
regiment  in  the  fjliowing  letter. 

'The  Hereditary  Prince  ok  Hesse-Cassel 
TO  King  George  III. 

Hanau,  ce  17.  Mars,  1776. 
C'est  avecce  respect  et  ce  zele  sans  bornes  que 
les  ordres  de  Votre  Majeste  ni'inspirent  a  jamais, 
que  je  viens   de  taire  partir   avant-hier  le  15.  de 
ce  mois  mon    regiment  destine  a   servir    dans  son 
armee.      Le  Colonel  Faucitt   m'ayant  averti  que 
le  jour  de  depart  devoit  etre  accelere  autant  que 
possible,  je   n'ai   pas   perdu    un   instant  pour   cet 
effet.      La  liste  ci-jointe   que  j'ose  mettre  devant 
Votre     Majeste    presentera    I'ctat    du    regiment, 
comme  j'en   ai  fiit    la   revue    Vendredi    dernier, 

'  State  Paper  Office.     German  States,  Vol.    ,03,   quoted  i„  Dc,    Sold.„n,ha„Jc! 
diutscher  Fursun  nach  ^mnika  ;    fon  F.  Kapp,  1864. 


% 


i 


f 


iiiii 


it  :!     I: 


r; 


r  1 
Hi 


12 


INTRODUCTION. 


ainsi  que  les   noms   des  officiers  avec  la  date  de 
leur  patentes. 

Puissiez-vous,  Sire,  avoir  lieu  d'etre  satisfait 
.  des  faibles  preuvses  que  j'ai  desire  de  vous  donnez 
de  mon  devouement  respectueux,  de  ma  reconnais- 
sance soumise.  J'ose  encore  reiterer  que  mon 
ardeur  inexprimable  d'etre  utile  a  son  service 
peut  seule  etre  nommee  et  non  la  chose  meme. 

Permettez,  Sire,  que  venant  d'apprendre  que  le 
Landgrave,  mon  pere,  fournit  a  votre  Majeste  un 
Corps  d'artillerie,  j'ose  lui  offrir  une  compagnie 
de  I20  hommes  de  cette  espece  appartenant  . 
jusqu'ici  a  mon  regiment.  J'en  ai  deja  fait  la 
proposition  au  Colonel  Faucitt,  mais  comme  il 
n'avait  pas  d'ordre  de  prendre  de  I'artillerie  en 
subsides,  il  n'a  pas  pu  y   entrer  alors. 

Des  que  j'apprendrai  les  intentions  de  Votre 
Majeste  a  cet  egard  cette  compagnie  pourra  in- 
cessement  marcher  a  ses  ordres. 

Cest  avec,  etc.,  etc. 

The  offer  of  the  company  of  artillery  above- 
mentioned  caused  a  long  discussion.  The  prmce 
wanted  his  subsidy  increased,  in  proportion  to  the 


■^r 


INTRODUCTION, 


n 


number  of  new  men  furnished.  The  Earl  of 
Suffolk  pointed  out  that  His  Serene  Highness 
was  already  paid  as  highly  per  man  as  His  Serene 
father.  The  prince,  who,  as  we  have  seen,  had 
hitherto  conducted  the  correspondence  in  the 
diplomatic  French  of  the  period,  now  breaks 
into  English. 

^"The  Hereditary   Prince  of  Hesse-C^ssel 
To  THE  Earl  of  Suffolk. 

Hanau,  i  May  1776. 

My  Lord ! 

The  luck  I  have  had  to  be  able  to  show  in 
some  manner  my  utmost  respect  and  gratitude 
to  the  best  of  Kings  by  offering  my  troops  to  His 
Majesty's  service  gives  me  a  very  agreeable  op- 
portunity of  thanking  you,  My  lord,  for  all  your 
kindness  and  friendship  to  me  upon  that  occasion 
and  begging  your  pardon  for  all  the  trouble  I 
may  have  provided  you  in  this  regard. 

My  orJy    wishes   are  that   all  the  ofHcers  and 
soldiers   of  my  regiment,   now  to    His  Majesty's 

'  State    Paper  Office.      German    States,    Vol.    104,  quoted  in  Dt,    Soldaunhandd 
dtuticher  Vurstcn  nach  Amtriha  ;  ■von  F.  Kapp.  1864. 


'^■\ 


k 


5    !i 


1  + 


INTRODUCTION. 


orders,  may  be  animated  of  the  same  respectful 
attachment  and  utmost  zeal  I  shall  ever  bear  for 
the  king,  my  generous  protector  and  magnani- 
mous support.  May  the  end  they  shall  fight  for 
answer  to  the  kings  upper  contentment,  and  your 
laudable  endeavors,  My  lord,  be  granted  by  the 
most  happiest  issue.  The  continuation  of  your 
friendship  to  me,  Sir,  which  I  desire  very  much 
assures  your  goodness  and  protection  to  my 
troops.  I  ask  in  their  names  this  favor  from  you 
and  hope  they  will  deserve  it. 

"Excuse  me.  Sir,  if  I  am  not  strong  enough  in 
the  English  language  for  to  explain  as  I  should 
the  utmost  consideration  and  sincere  esteem  with 
which  I  am  for  ever,  My  lord,  your  most  humble 
and  very  obedient  servant 

"William  H.  P.  of  Hesse." 


"The  Earl  of  Suffolk 
TO  THE  Hereditary  Prince  of  Hesse-Cassel. 

St.  James,  May  14,  1776. 

Sir, 

I  am  too  deeply  penetrated  by  the  notice  Your 

Serene  Highness  is  pleased  to  take  of  me,  not  to 


INTRODUCTION. 


'5 


beg  your  acceptance  of  my  humble  acknowledg- 
ments for  your  great   condescension.     The  ex- 
perience I    have   had   of  your  Serene  Highness 
sincere  and  affectionate   attachment  to  the  King 
has    impressed  indelible    marks  of  gratitude  and 
veneration  on   my  breast.     But  proud   as    I  shall 
be  to  show  them  upon  all  occasions,  I  am  happy 
to   assure  your   Serene    Highness  from  a  perfect 
knowledge  of  his  Majesty's  sentiments,  that  there 
is  in  this  country  a  more  powerful  supporter  of 
Your  Serene    Highnesses   interests   and  a    better 
advocate  for  any  object  you  can  recommend  than 
any  minister,  be  he  ever  so  zealous,    whom  Your 
Serene    Highness    may    honor    with  your   com- 
mands. 

Your  troops.  Sir,  than  which  none  can  be 
finer  or  in  a  more  complete  condition,  will  cer- 
tainly meet  with  every  degree  of  protection  and 
encouragement,  and  I  make  no  doubt  under  the 
Blessing  of  God,  share  the  high  reputation  of 
having  preserved  the  lustre  of  that  crown  from 
which  you  are  descended,  the  glory  of  that 
Monarch  to  whom  in  blood  and  principles  you 
are  so  nearly  allied,  and  the  welfare  of  that 
nation  of   whose   language  your   Highness  has  in 


m. 


I  i 


III  I 


INTRODUCTION. 

so   flattering  and   so  accurate  a  manner   shown 
your  hereditary  knowledge. 

Permit  me,  Sir,  to  repeat   the  profound  respect 
with  which  I  have  the  honor,  etc.,  etc." 

"The    Hereditary  Prince   of  Hesse-Hanau 
TO  THE  Earl  OF  Suffolk. 

Hanau,  21.  July  1766. 


Sir; 


I  can   make   no  better  use   of  your  friendship 
and  goodness  to  me  than  in  recommending   you, 
My   lord,  the    propositions    which    my    private 
Counsellor  Malsburg  directs  in  my  name  to  you. 
My    attachment    and    most  humble    respect    to 
the  best  of  kings  removes  all  idea  of  interest  in 
me.      His   Majesty's  particular   goodness   assures 
me  that  he  would  [notj  take  ill,  the  desire  I  have 
to  stay  in  a  certain  military  relation  with  his  ser- 
vice even  after  the  present   treaty's  expiration. 

I  hope,    My  lord,  you   will    hnd  I  do  not  ask 
too  much,   and  in  this   regard  I  beg  you   to  sup- 
port  this   affair   with  your    utmost   credit.     My 
^r^.titude  will  be  without  end,  and  shall  only  be 
Miipared  to  the  greatest  consideration—,  1  have 


1 


INTRODUCTION. 


17 


the   honor   to   be   with  for  ever,  My   lord,  your 
most  humble  and  very  obliged  servant 

William  H.  P.  of  Hesse." 

The  proposal,  above  referred  to,  which  Coun- 
sellor  Malsburg   was   to   send,  was    nothing  less 
than  that   the  troops  of  Hesse-Hanau  should  re- 
main in    the  English   service   for  six  years   after 
the  war.     The  request,   of  course,  was  extrava- 
gant.     The    Earl    of  Suffolk    appears    to    have 
grown  tired  of  bickering.     In  the   latter  part  of 
1776  he  yielded  to  the  solicitations  of  the  Prince 
and    the    subsidy     was    increased     by    forty-five 
thousand  crowns.     Meanwhile  the   artillery   had 
not  been  held   back  while  the  negotiations  were 
pending.     It   left   Hanau  on    the    15th  of  May, 
and  its  further  adventures  may   best  be  traced  m 
the  journal    of  its  commanding  officer  which  is 
given  in  the  following  pages. 

Little  is  known  of  Georg  Pausch  after  Bur- 
goyne's  surrender.  His  signature  appears  on  the 
Cambridge  parole  now  in  the  Boston  Public 
Library.  In  1786  the  County  of  Hesse-Hanau 
was  united  to  the  Landgraviate  of  Hesse  Casscl 
through  the  death  of  Landgrave  Frederick  II 
3 


'1 


/ik. 


i8 


INTRODVCTION. 


W  I 


and  the  succession  of  his  son  William  III.     From 
that  date  we  find  the  name  of  Georg  Pausch  en- 
tered in  the   official  calendar  of  Cassel  as  major, 
in  the   regiment  of  light  artillery.     That   regi- 
ment was  quartered  in  the  town  of  Cassel  and  in 
the  fortresses  of  Ziegenhain,  Hanau  and  Rheinfels. 
In  which  of  these  places  Pausch  had  his  quarters 
cannot    be     determined.     His    name    disappears 
from  the  calendar  in  1796,  so  that  it  is  probable 
that  he   died   early   in    that  year   or   late   in   the 
year  preceding.     It   is  possible  that  a  search  in 
the  archives  of  Marburg  would   bring  to   light 
more    particulars    about    him.     There    are    few 
events  or   persons   connected   with   the    Revolu- 
tionary war  about  which   we   might   not    hope 
for  light  from  the  same  source. 

The  manuscript  in  the  Stiindische  Landes- 
bibliothek  at  Cassel  was  copied  in  1868  from 
the  original,  which  was  then  at  Wilhelmshohe, 
and  is  undoubtedly  now  at  Marburg. 

Edward  J.  Lowell. 


li' ■  :  A 


ixnstrs  §t^\\xnuL 


1776  May    15th,     In  conformity  to  the  order 
of  our  Gracious  Prince-    the  roll-call    was  beaten 
at    half-past    three    P.    M.,    and    the    company^ 
marched   out   of  the     Mill -fortification    to    the 
Parade-ground,  where  all  the  necessary  accoutre- 
ments for  my  men    were  found   in  readiness.     A 
quarter  of  an    hour    afterwards,  the   signal    was 
given    by   the    tap    of  the   drum    for  a    forward 
movement;   and,    the   lines  being  formed,  we  at 
once  marched    through  the  hospital   Gate  of  the 
old  town'  to  the   wood-warehouses.      Here    the 
company    immediately  embarked    on  the  ships, 
which   had  been   designated   for  our   transporta- 
tion, m  the  presence  of  our  most   gracious  sove- 
reigns. 

Our  beloved  Prince  gave  us  a  mark  of  his 
gracious  and  fatherly  kindness  by  accompanying 
"s    for    quite    a    long    distance  down    the   right 

'  f;  will  l'^'"'""'-  "'"  "«-;"^"^'"-  Hanau  RcKimcnt.     According  to  E.elk- 

rourn.Tf'.h"'";; '"'"'"'"'"',"''■' '"''^'^  '"«,    Paus.h-s    Company    consisted   of   4 

Journal    of   the  Company  ot  the    Hcase-  officers  and  126  privates 
Hanau  artillery    attached    to  the  Hesse-         »  Hanau. 


V'; 


i"; 


1 


'  ;! 


1 


20 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL, 


bank  of  the  river  Main ;  an  act  which  called 
forth  the  most  loyal  sentiments  from  the 
entire  force  which  had  been  so  graciously 
entrusted  to  my  charge.  At  this  point  our 
journey  began  with  many  expressions  of  good 
will  and  wishes  for  our  success  on  the  part  of 
those  we  were  leaving  :  and  here  we  saw  for  the 
last  time  in  a  long  while  our  beloved  Prince  and 
Benefactor,*  Here  he  bade  us  farewell  ;  and  we 
proceeded  to  Offenbach,  where  we  anchored  in 
the  middle  of  the  Main  for  the  night. 

16th.  We  left  our  moorings  at  3  A.  M.,  and 
passed  Frankfort  about  4:30.  The  sentinels  and 
the  different  detachments  of  this  garrison  should- 
ered arms  as  we  passed  ;  but  we  were  visited  by  no 
one,  neither  did  we  have  to  pass  through  any  ex- 
amination. At  11:30  we  reached  Mainz;  and 
although  I  had  sent  ahead  Lieut  Spangenberg 
with  the  free-piisses,  we  were  obliged  to  land. 
Both  ships  were  examined  by  two  custom-house 
Inspectors.  I  immediately  asked  the  reason  of 
this ;  and  in  reply  was  told  that  it  was  done  for 
the  purpose,  merely,  of  ascertaining  whether  the 
captain  had  not  on  board  dutiable  freight  on  his 
own  account.  As  the  Rhine  was  quite  high,  we 
sailed  so  rapidly  that  we  reached  Bingen  about 
6    o'clock     the   same    evening.      I    then     sailed 


•  How  this  "  beloved  Prince  and  Bene-  whom,  to  get  the  means  to  gratify  his 
factor  "  must  have  "  laughed  in  his  passions,  he  was  selling  into  slavery,  and 
sleeve  "    at  these  expressions   from   those     bartering  like  so  many  cattle! 


I    I 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNyfL. 


21 


toward  Cauh,  and  chose  the  island,  where  the 
so-called  palace  is  situated,  near  which  to  drop 
anchor  and  rest  for  the  night.  I  did  this,  because 
this  spot  was  the  best  I  could  find  for  my  men  to 
take  a  little  comfort  by  leaving  the  ships  and 
sleeping  on  shore.  I  arrived  here  at  8  o'clock 
The  inhabitants  of  Caub  were  asked  to  brint' 
some  wine  and  other  necessaries  to  my  men  and 
sell  them  for  cash.      This  they  promptly  did. 

17th.      It  chanced  to  be  the  weekly   Market- 
Day  at  Caub;  and  I   therefore   delayed  my  de- 
parture until    7:30  o'clock   in  order   to  give   my 
men  an  opportunity  to  lay    in  some  provisions, 
^or    this   purpose,   (with    the   exception    of   the 
women)  I  sent   ashore   eighteen  men,    under  the 
command  of  two  officers  and  six  subalterns  •  and 
in  order  that  the  purchases  might  be  made  with- 
out any  disturbance,  I  myself,    took  a  small  boat 
halt   an  hour   in  advance,    and  went  to  St.  Goar 
As  I  did    not   wish    to  be   long  absent  from   my 
men,   and  as  I  also   desired  to   take  advantage  of 
the  rise  of  the  river'  so  as  to    make  a  quick   pas- 
sage, I  was  not  able  to  call   upon  his  Excellency 
General  von  Wutgenau  at  the  fortress  of  Rhein- 
fels  to  announce   that  my   company  were  passinir 
down  the  Rhine.     I  however,   made  a  statemenl 
to    this   erfect    to    Maj.    Gen.  v.    Marschalk    (the 
commandant   at  St.  Goai^)  and  requested  hini  to 

^Caused  probably  by  th.s|.ring  freshets,     west  side  of  the  Rhine,  ,  6  miles  south  of 
"A  town  in  the  Prussian  States  on  the     Coblentz. 


if  4 


i 


'il 


1: 


2  2  PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL 

make  my  excuses  to  his  Excellency,  and  to  give 
him  as  a  reason  tor  my  not  waiting  on  him  the 
responsibility  devolving  upon  me  on  account  of 
the  near  approach  of  my  ships.  The  latter 
reached  Rhiiietels  at  9  o'clock;  and  before  they 
had  come  to  the  frontier  of  Cur-Tnerische, 
(which  lies  nearly  opposite  St.  Goar)  I  returned 
on   board. 

Since  yesterday  we  have  had  a  head  wind  ; 
notwithstanding  which,  however,  we  passed 
Coblentz  at  one,  Neuwied  at  four,  Andernach  at 
five,  and  Oberwinter  at  a  quarter  of  nine  where 
we  anchored  for  the  night. 

P.  N.  Every  morning  I  always  order  the  rr- 
veilie  to  be  beaten  at  daybreak,  and  the  tatoo  in 
the  evening. 

The  custom-house  officers  from  Hanau,  have 
exercised  the  greatest  politeness  towards  those 
officers  and  subalterns  who  were  sent  in  advance. 

So  f^ir,  pleasure,  contentment,  an'd  excellent 
health  prevail  among  my  men.  They  never 
fail,  after  reveille  and  tatoo,  to  make  their  offer- 
ings due  their  God  by  singing  morning  and  even- 
ing hymns  for  one  hour.  Afterwards,  they  give 
themselves  up  to  enjoyment,  but  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  never  to  give  me  cause  for  complaint  or 
punishment.  I  cannot  sufficiently  praise  the 
good  feeling  shown  by    my  three  officers   while 


PAmCH'S  JOURNAL.  ^^ 

on  duty  ;  nor  can  I  adequately  express  my  satis- 
faction especially  at  the  trouble  they  take  to 
maintain  g()v)d  order  and  acquire  the  confidence 
ot  my  men.  1  must  confess  that  all  mv  men 
have  already  ac(|uired  more  confidence  than  I 
had  anticipated  at  lianau.  I  have  therefore 
pardoned  the  cannonier,  liischle,  who  had  been 
p  aced  under  arrest,  and  released  him  from  his 
chains. 

Continuation. 
May  1 8th.      During  the  night  of  the  1 7th  and 
1 8th,  we  rested    quietly  near   Obcr  Winter  ;  and 
in    the   morning  precisely   at  4  o'clock,    we  left 
our    moorings,   passing  Bonn    at  6    o'clock,  and 
reaching  the  Imperial  city  of  Coin  at  10  o'clock. 
I  anchored    about  a   thousand    yards'  above    the 
town.     From    here    I    despatched     two    officers 
(Spangenberg  and   Bach),  the  sergeant  and    nine 
subalterns,  and  a  few  men  from  each  detachment 
to    Coin    (with    six    loaded    and    as    many     un- 
loaded   guns)    for  the    purpose  of   having  their 
money,  which  they  had  brought  from  I<:rfurt,  ex- 
changed   for    local    currency.      They    were' also 
directed    to  buy  provisions.      As   this  is  a    large 
place,  I  was   obliged    to  anchor   and  wait  a  long 
while  for  their  return.     We  were  all  re-united 
about  2  o'clock   P.  M.    when   we    at   once   pro- 
ceeded still  farther  on  our  way  as  far  as  Zons^ 

•  Or  literally  a  thousand  paces.  toric  castle  j   13    miles  N.    N.    West   of 

A  town  on  the  Rhine  having  an  his-     Cologne,  and  50  N.  E.  of  Liege. 


'f 


i. 


H 


PJUSCWS  JOURNAL. 


Had  it  not  been  that  both  yesterday  afternoon 
and  to-day  the  wind  was  ahead,  we  should  now 
be  still  farther  on  our  journey.  It  was  half  past 
eight  by  the  time  we  reached  Zons,  and  we  ac- 
cordingly remained  here  overnight.  As  the 
water  of  the  Rhine  was  very  rough  on  account 
of  a  heavy  gale  during  the  day,  we  were  forced 
to  anchor  till  the  next  morning. 

19th.  We  were  compelled  to  wait  till  7 
o'clock  A.  M.,  before  sailing,  by  which  time  the 
Rhine  had  become  calmer.  At  one  o'clock,  we 
passed  Diusseldorf ;  and  at  Hve  o'clock  reached 
Buckroth.  This  is  the  first  station  of  the  Prus- 
sian Custom- 1  louse,  and  I  had  accordingly  sent 
on  here  in  advance  Lieut.  Spangcnberg  with  the 
Royal  free-pass.  As  soon  as  we  came  opposite 
the  town,  the  Custom-House  officers,  accom- 
panied by  my  L  ieutenant,  rowed  out  towards  us. 
They  did  not  subject  us  to  any  examination,  but 
contented  themselves  with  rowing  around  my 
ship  and  wishing  us  a  pleasant  journey.  They, 
however,  made  an  indorsement  on  the  back  of  the 
Royal  pass  to  the  eti^ect  that  we  passed  the  station 
at  such  an  hour.  I  nevertheless  thought  it  best 
when  we  arrived  at  the  next  Custom  Station,  to 
send  a  note  ashore  to  the  officials  stating  that  we 
had  passed  the  upper  station  free  by  virtue  of  the 
Royal  free-pass.  In  the  evening  we  anchored 
an  hour's  sail  above  N.  Wesel,  and  remained 
there  during  the  night. 


pjuscrrs  journal. 


25 


20th.  At  6  in  the  morning  I  took,  a  boat  and 
went  ahead  to  the  town,  where  I  sliowed  the 
pass  to  his  Excellency  Lt.  (Jen.  and  Commander 
Von  Solomons.  I  also  cxhiiiited  particularly  to 
him  the  Prince's  (jrder  relating  to  the  refunding 
0^42  ducats  at  hvinmerich.  In  reply,  his  Excel- 
lency said  that  this  had  most  likely  been  already 
attended  to  ;  but  that  if  it  had  not,  it  would  now 
he  fixed.  At  the  satne  time  he  assured  me  that 
if  he  could  aid  us  in  any  way  'vhatever,  he  would 
do  so  with  pleasure.  This  he  did  to  show  his 
great  regard  and  friendship  for  us.  My  ships 
arrived  about  two  hours  afterwards;  and  I  imme- 
diately got  under  way  for  Emmerich.  There  I 
showed  my  tree-passes,  at  the  same  time  calling 
the  attention  ot  the  custom  officers  to  the  refund- 
ing of  the  money  which  had  been  taken  from  the 
Hanau  Regiment.  'I'hey  assured  me  that  this 
had  already  been  done  in  accordance  with  the 
gracious  order  of  the  Prussian  Major.  I  then 
asked  them  to  give  me  a  paper  certifying  both 
that  this  had  been  done  and  where,  that  I  might 
send  the  same  to  the  Prince.'  My  request  was 
at  once  complied  with  ;  and  this  document  I 
have  filed  under  Letter  A.  I  intended  to  have 
made  good  headway  this  evening,  but  a  gale, 
beginning  to  blow,  drove  us  close  into  shore 
about   two    hour's   sail   above   Schenken-Schanz, 


ii 


I  Frince  William  of  Hanau. 


1 


26 


P^VSCHS  JOVRN.IL. 


wluMc,    liiuliiu;   a    (\\\\q\.   spot,   vvc   rested    lor   the 
night. 

2 1  St.  As  sov>n  as  the  rvvciilc  vv;is  l)eareii  I 
ordcicil  an  ailvaiKc,  ami  shortly  reaihcii  Schen- 
kcn-Sclianz,  to  which  j^la^e  I  had  already  sent 
on  aheail,  Lieut.  Snanrenhun'  ant!  the  binUn\an, 
Hecktell  with  the  Cioveiinnent  pass.  Tliis  was 
the  lirst  Dutch  Reveiuie  station,  ami  our  ships 
were  iorhiililen  to  iH>  iarther.  The  ollicials  told 
us  that  they  had  received  no  instructions  to  pass 
us.  Thev  turther  said,  that  as  we  coidd  not 
produce  a  Dutch  tree  pa;s  sigiieil  by  our  Prime 
every  thing  wv>uld  have  to  he  a[)praiseil  and  the 
duty  paiii.  Hut  as  I  liid  not  teel  like  complying, 
and,  moreover,  was  unable  |  Ironi  lack  ot  nu)ney 
to  do  it,  even  had  I  been  so  liisptvsed,  1  returnei 
at  lull  speeti  to  Arnheiui  wiiere  the  Revenue 
otiicers  ol  the  Admiral  were  supposed  to  be  sta- 
tioned. I  soui'ht  therein  vain  lor  such  inlornia- 
tion  as  would  enable  our  expeiiition  to  proceed  ; 
and  even  asked  the  assistance  ot  bis  Excellency 
\'on  Nicuenheini,  commander  o{'  the  Baden  In- 
tantry  stati^med  there.  This  latter  personage 
took  an  interest  in  the  matter,  and  reported  it 
to  the  City  President.  But  even  this  step  was 
ot  no  avail.  Whoever  I  questioneil  gave  me  tlie 
same  answer,  viz  :  that  his  Highness  must  lirst 
give  his  permission.  It  wms  ii  o'clock  when  I 
arrived  at  Arnheim  Irom  Schenken  Schanz ;  and 
until  two  o'clock  1  lingered  among  these  ill-bred 


m 


nAuscirs  joukn/il. 


27 


people,    when,  linully,  cvci  the   ,)/nccrs    „r  thv\v 
own    !^irnso„  became    an;r,-y  vvi(h   fhoni.       I'lu.s 


c.rcu.ustancci  f  ,n;,.le  „,>  ,mv  u.in.l  <,,.,Vk|y,  „. 
ook  an  cx|,rc,ss--,,„sf  r„   ,hc  "Hague.      I  left  Arn 

amvecl    at  ti.el.ouse  of  l.isKxcellency's  Ambas- 
sador, S,r    Vnrke    .  .,gie,  in    Hague    at   6  A.  M 
Mavmg   eome    by  way    of  lJtn,cb(    and    f.eyden'.' 
22(1.    I  immed.ately   awoke  bis  Secretary  wbo 
announced    my   arrival    to  bis    cbief.      To  bim  [ 
•cported  tbe  trouble  I  bad  ,net  witb,   wbicb  bad 
made  tbc  progress  of  <,„r  marcb  (bfiiculr.      Tbe 
Kn.gbt  b>st  „o    time  in  g<,ing    to  tbe   Court  at  8 
A.  IVI    and    laymgtbe    matter   before    bis  ni;.b 
ness     tbe    (;overnor  of   tbe    States.      Tbereuimn 
my    bee    passes    were    promised   me    by 
same  morning.      Ti,„e   passed.      It   was 
'2,    tbcn    I    o'cb)ck    in    tbe   alternoon  ' 
received  an  invitition  to  dine  witb  bis  K>.cellcncy 
^H.    Kn.ght,Sn-    Yorke  Logic;   and    at  tbe  close 
^''    tbed.nner()rabout6K    M..  I  received   my 
Papcrj,    and    also    a   birge    package    adch-essed   to 
U,b  Ka,nsb>r(l  at    Nnnwegen,    wbo  bad   left  tbe 
Hague  tor   tb.s  phice   a  day  in    advance  in   order 
to  inspect  my   company. 

23d      I    took   tbe    same    route    back,    viz  :   by 

Vj^    01    LeydenandUtrecbt;    tben  bore    to  tbe 

et    to   ^^nwege„,    wbere   I  arrived   on  the   z.d 

at  hall  past  eleven  in   tbe  morning.      Here  I  re- 


10  the 
10,  II, 
I    tben 


i 


Is 


»'i 


J 


iiaUM 


J.  -1 


If 

tif 

i 

III 


I  ■!:■ 


1' 


28 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


ceived  a  document  giving  us  a  free  passage  not 
from  Schenken  Schanz  down  the  Rhine  to 
Arnheim,  but  on  the  Wahl  to  Nimwegen  ! 
Moreover,  as  soon  as  I  should  arrive  there  I 
would  have  to  pass  another  inspection,  and  this 
notwithstanding  my  assertion  that  all  had  been 
seen  to,  and  provided  for,  by  his  Excellency, 
the  English  Col.  Faucit  at  Hanau  !  And  now 
I  was  given  to  understand  that  the  whole  routine 
would  have  to  be  again  gone  through  with  in 
conformity  to  the  special  order  of  his  Excellency, 
the  Ambassador,  which  Col.  von  Rainsford 
showed  me.  Accordingly,  I  hastened  to  leave 
Nimwegen  that  I  might  rejoin  my  men  at  3 
P.  M.  the  same  day.  The  rest  of  the  day  was 
spent  by  the  soldiers  in  cleaning  and  painting 
the  ships,  and  by  the  officers,  subalterns  and  my- 
self in  preparing  different  rolls,  which  will  be 
found  under  Letters  B.  C.  and  D. 

24th.  My  orders  were  to  leave  Schanken 
Schanz  at  day-break,  but  the  wind  prevented  me 
from  doing  so ;  and  although  I  sailed  some 
miles  I  was  obliged  to.  return  to  the  shore.  On 
this  account,  we  only  reached  Nimwegen,  opposite 
the  parade-ground,  at  a  quarter  past  five.  Ac- 
companied by  Col.  Dufais,  I  started  an  hour  in 
advance  to  announce  the  arrival  of  the  artillery 
to  Col.  Rainsford.  In  the  Wahl,  where  we 
came  to  anchor,  there  is  a  small  island.  Here  I 
had   the  men    land  and    formed  in    companies* 


M 


1 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


29 


The  above  mentioned  Col.  Rainsford,  accom- 
panied by  his  Highness,  Prince  of  Waldeck's 
Colonel  and  Commander  Von  der  Hooven,  and 
the  greater  part  of  the  staff-officers  of  the  garri- 
son,  paid  me  a  visit  while  at  this  spot.  As  they 
left  the  boats  and  passed  along  our  front,  I  or- 
dered the  march  to  be  beaten  and  the  men  to 
give  the  usual  salute.  I  then  gave  the  command, 
"  Turn  right ;"  on  which  the  officers  and  sub- 
alterns advanced  to  the  centre  of  the  company 
and  reformed  the  front. 

The   colonel    was     present    at    roll-call    and 
mustered    the   men   himself;    looked  over  each 
soldier  critically ;  and  expressed  his  satisfaction  at 
the  general  appearance  of  all  the  men.      Finally, 
I    formed    the   company  into    four  sections  and 
caused    them    to   salute  while    passing.     I  then 
asked  for  further  instructions,  and  was  told  that 
the  men   must   take  the   oath  of  fealty  to  their 
Majesties.'     My    reply    was,    that    if  desired,    I 
vvould  order  my  men  to  pass  before  them  for  re- 
view twice  more,  but  that  it  would   be  useless  to 
oblige  them  to  take  the  oath  again,  as  that  for- 
mality   had  been  properly  attended  to   at  Hanau 
in  the  presence  of  the  English  Col.  Faucit;  and 
further,   by  that  oath,  each  one  of  my  men  was 
bound  to  be  faithful  and  loyal  towards  the  King. 
As    no  objection    was  made    to   this  remark,    I 
ordered  the  men  to  sheathe  their  bayonets,  file'  to 

•  King  George  III  and  Prince  William  of  Hanau. 


1 

1 

1 

1 

III 

V 

II 


TT  ' 


f    ! 


,i  1 


!! 


I 


30 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


the  left,  and   return    in  single  file   into  the  ship. 
This  second  parade  took  up  one  hour. 

This  entirely  unexpected  delay  gave  rise  to 
several  annoyances,  ist  It  caused  an  expendi- 
ture of  (21  Dutch  florins  for  the  post-chaise  and 
drink-money,  for  the  living  and  drink  of  the 
Post  riders,  and  for  hor>:es  and  road  and  custom- 
house fees.  All  this  was  incurred  hy  the  journey 
from  Schenken  Schanz'  to  Arnheim  and  the 
Hague',  back  to  Nimwegen,  and  from  Nimwe- 
gen  to  Schenkan  Schanz:  2d  On  account  of 
this  three  da)  s  dcc.y  my  men  were  short  of  their 
rations  for  just  that  length  of  time  ;  and  3d,  the 
sailing-master  B  ^ht  '  A^as  out  of  pocket  76  to 
78  florins  by  this  delay  which  caused  extra  ex- 
penses for  the  wheel-man,  himself  and  his 
sailors.  All  this  I  reported  to  the  Ambassador 
at  the  Hague,  stating,  at  the  same  time,  that  as 
this  had  all  happened  without  any  tault  on  our 
part,  these  expenses  should  properly  be  charged 
to  the  King's  account.  That  personage  imme- 
diately approved  of  it  thinking  the  amount 
reasonable  ;  and  I  handed  to  Colonel  Rainsford 
the  necessary  orders  for  the  repayment.  Accord- 
ingly, my  travelling  expenses  of  121  florins  were 


'  A  strong  fortress  ot  GuilJeilaiid, 
situated  in  an  angle  ot'  tlie  Betuwe  where 
the  R.liine  divides  into  two  briinches.  It 
occupies  a  commanding  pojition  and  is 
considered  as  the  centre  uf  coniiniinicatiim 
between  Germany   and  Holland. 

"A    large   and   beautiful   town   in  the 


Netherlands.  As  long  ago  as  1250  it 
became  the  residence  of  the  Governors  or 
Counts  of  Holland  ;  and  since  that  period, 
it  has  been,  almost  without  interruption 
the  seat  ot  government.  It  is  especially 
celebrated  for  its  porcelain  maiiufacturies. 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


31 


handed  to  me,  as  soon  as  the  review  was  over,  the 
same  day.  The  provisions,  also,  which  had  heen 
ordered  the  previous  day  by  Col.  von  der 
Hooven  by  order  of  Col.  von  Rainsford,  were 
delivered  immediately  after  the  drill.  The  bill 
of  the  sailing-master,  which  I  had  already  ap- 
proved was  countersigned  by  Col.  Rainsford,  but 
not  paid,  as  this  item  belonged  to  the  contract 
made  by  Col.  Faucit  at  Hanau.  It  would  be 
perfectly  inexcusable  should  this  man  receive 
nothing  for  his  losses.  He  took  good  care  of 
the  transportation,  and  was  ever  ready  to  give 
friendly  aid  even  to  the  most  inconsiderable  man 
in  the  company ;  so  that  he  possesses  the  love 
and  confidence  of  every  common  soldier.  We 
all  desired  if  it  were  a  possible  thing,  that  he 
should  bring  us  as  far  as  Quebec. 

With  all  the  above  mentioned  matters  the 
24th  passed;  and  we  spent  the  night  on  the 
Island  off  which  we  anchored. 

25th.  The  company  were  obliged  to  start  at 
day-break.  By  order  of  the  Colonel,  I  left  the 
command  with  Lieutejiant  Sp.ingenberg,  who, 
with  Lieut.  Bach  remain '^d  with  the  men  ;  and 
in  company  with  the  Colonel  and  Lieut.  Dufais 
set  out    from    Nimwegen'   in  a   small  yacht    for 


a  ii 


'  F.imous  from  the  Congress  held  there  Rliine     called   the  Waal.     It   is  fortified 

under  the  mediation  of  Cliarles  U  j  and  with    walls    and    ditched    and    extensive 

for   the    peace  concluded    at  and    ratitied  out  works.     Taken  by    the  French,   8th 

by  William  the  lU  in  167S.    Situated  on  Sept.,  1794. 
the    left    bank  of  the  great  branch  of  the 


.»V''  '   '1., 


:: ' ! 


32 


PJUSCfTS  JOURNAL. 


I    I 


|H- 


Dortrecht'  at  1 1  o'clock  that  same  morning. 
Our  object  was  to  look  for  our  transport-ship ; 
and  this  we  found,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  26th, 
on  the  "  Kiel,"  a  great  canal  about  a  short  mile 
distant  from  Wilhelmstadten.^  The  Colonel  and 
ourselves  boarded  it  that  we  might  personally 
inspect  the  ship,  and  also  make  arrangements 
with  the  Captain  for  the  boarding  and  accommo- 
dation of  our  men.  The  presence  of  the  Colonel 
and  of  Lieut.  Dufais  was  very  necessary  in  per- 
fecting these  arrangements,  as  the  Captain  spoke 
only  English  except  a  very  little  French  ;  indeed, 
he  spoke  even  less  French  than  myself  Our 
ship,  which  is  called  the  **  Juno  "  is  a  three-master, 
and  is  commanded  by  Captain  Edward  Schmidt, 
a  very  quiet  and  pleasant  Englishman  of,  perhaps, 
38  years  of  age.  The  "Juno"  is  not  a  common 
transport-ship.  It  presents  a  neat  appearance, 
and  was  formerly  engaged  in  the  Slave-trade. 
She  carries  on  her  front  decks  18  short  iron  ship 
cannon  ;  but,  at  present,  has  on  board  only  seven 
pieces  of  4  and  6  lbs  calibre.  The  captain  in- 
tends to  make  up  his  full  complement  of  cannon 
at  Portsmouth.     The  Colonel  informed  me  that 


ii 


'  Dortrecht  or  Dort,  a  town  in  the 
Netherlands  in  S.  Holland.  It  suffered 
in  14x1,  by  a  terrible  inundation  wiiich 
brealcing  down  the  dykes  swept  away 
72  villages  and  drowned  100,000  people. 
The  timber  which  is  brought  in  immense 
floats  down  the  Rhine  is  here  prepared 
for  use  in  the  saw-milli  and  exported. 
The  place  is  also  famous  from  the  famous 


synod  of  Dort  having  been  held  here  in 
1618  and  19,  an  assembly  of  Protestant 
divines  which  condemned  the  tenets  of 
the  Armenians. 

^A  strongly  fortified  town  in  Holland, 
on  that  part  of  the  Meuse  called  Butter- 
vliet.  It  is  one  of  the  Keys  of  Holland, 
and  ^defended  with  7  bastions  and  double 
fosse.     It  has  also  an  excellent  harbor 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


ZZ 


in  case  of  an  emergency,   my  men  would  be  ex- 
pected to  help  serve  the  cannon  ;  and  that,  if  the 
ship  should  be  attacked,  we  must  all  turn  to  and 
aid  in  defending    it  to  our  utmost  ability.      This 
■  request,  together  with  the  English  order,  I  kept 
to  myself,   only   communicating   them  to   Lieut. 
Dufais  and  the  other  officers;  for  I  resolved  only 
to  tell   my  men  of  what    was  expected  of  them 
when   the   emergency  should    arise,   hoping,   by 
this  course,  to  keep  them'  from  becoming  timid, 
and  perhaps,  as  it  might  prove,  without  reason! 
The    bedsteads  and    the    small  mattrasses  and 
quilts  are  of  middling  quality,   good  or  bad  as 
you  have  a  mind  to  call  them.     I,  therefore,  gave 
them  the  company's  covers,      it  was  difficult  to 
find    accommodations  for  the  company    on  this 
ship.      The  beds,  six  in  number,  are  very  narrow 
and    are    arranged    in    two    tiers  one    above  the 
other,    and    separated.      Every    six  men    receive 
their  provisions  together.     To  every    Corporal's 
squad,   I  give    one  officer    and    eleven   common 
soldiers.     The  married  men  and  women  occupy 
the  beds;  and  to  prevent  misbehaviour  as  much 
as  possible,  every  three  pairs  are  separated.'      My 
three   officers    and    myself  have  a   pretty    large 
cabin,  the   wainscotting,  upholstering   and   table 
of  which  are  very  neatly  finished  in  Mahogany. 
After  spending  about  an  hour  and  a  half  in  our 
inspection  and   in  completing   our  final  arrange- 

/.  e.  Three  pain  to  etch  bed. 


t 


iii 


m 


k 


I 


I 

1 


34 


PmSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


ments,  we  started  back  to  Dortrecht.  We 
had,  on  the  25th,  scarcely  left  Nimwegen  at  11 
o'clock,  when  we  found  that  our  Hanau  ships 
with  the  artillery  had  been  again  arrested,  and 
we  were  once  more  obliged  to  pay  revenue 
duties.  By  the  merest  luck,  the  English  Colo- 
nel, who  was  with  us,  had  Holland  money.  For 
a  permit  to  proceed  he  had  to  pay  33  florins,  and 
for  the  passage- money  of  the  Hanau  Regiment, 
12  florins  and  16  stuber.  Nor  until  these  sums 
had  been  actually  paid  down  in  our  presence, 
were  we  allowed  to  proceed  on  our  voyage.  In- 
deed, these  Holland  formalities  were  of  such 
a  nature  that  had  not  the  Colonel  chanced  to  be 
present  with  the  money,  a  second  journey  to 
the  Hague  would  have  been  unavoidable. 

On  the  25th  two  craft,  called  lighters,  were 
chartered  at  Dortrecht  and  sent  back  to  meet 
the  Hanau  ships  a  little  distance  from  Herrten- 
felds  v/here  they  were  reloading. 

26th.  In  this  lighter,  containing  one-half  of 
the  men,  the  six  cannon,  one  gun-carriage,  one 
cart,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  baggage,  I 
started  ahead  from  Dortrecht,  at  half  past  one, 
for  the  transport  ship,  arriving  there  at  about  a 
quarter  past  three.  I  immediately  set  about 
transferring  the  contents  of  the  small  vessel  to  the 
large  one  ;  but  I  had  not  yet  finished  my  work 
when,  three  hours  later,  the  other  lighter  arrived 


!\ 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


ZS 


with  the  rest  of  the  men  and  the  buggy,  and 
also  with  the  Colonel  and  Lieutenant  DuFais. 
livery  thing  was  then,  in  the  wink  of  an  eye, 
transferred  from  the  lighters  to  the  transport 
vessel  the  same  night. 

Notwithstanding  all  this,  the  vessel  chosen  for 
the  purpose  is  altogether  too  small.  The  fol- 
lowing two  days  were  t^^ent  in  arranging  matters 
and  putting  things  to  rights.  The  cannons, 
together  with  the  gun-carriages,  were  lowered 
into  the  hold  of  the  ship  on  top  of  the  ballast 
and  barrels,  but  in  such  a  way  that  many  repairs 
will  be  necessary  when  we  take  them  up  again 
on  account  of  the  smallness  of  the  space.  Every 
thing  else  is  still  between  decks.  (N.  B.  as  no 
place  could  be  found  for  the  large  casks  contain- 
ing the  harnesses  for  the  horses,  they  had  to  be 
all  unpacked,  and  after  being  folded  up  and  tied 
together  they  were  taken  to  the  hold  of  the 
vessel,  together  with  the  ropes,  bags,  mangers, 
and  pouch-bags.)  The  Captain  will  have  to, 
and  indeed,  intends,  to  procure  an  additional  and 
smaller  vessel  either  at  Portsmouth  or  Spithead, 
so  that  the  space  between  decks  may  be  clear, 
free,  and  open. 

27th.  We  sailed  from  the  place  where  a  e  em- 
barked, Colonel  Rainsford  taking  leave  of  us  and 
starting  for  the  Hague.  Before  he  took  his  de- 
parture, he  sent  to  London,   by  the_^Packet-boat 


m 


36 


P/fUSCH'S  yOURNJL. 


from  Helvoetsliiys'  a  large  package  addressed  to 
His  Majesty,  the  King  of  Great  Britain.  Wc 
passed  Wilhclmstadt  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
of  Hclvoctsluys,  where  wc  cast  anchor,  and  here 
in  this  road  wc  arc  now. 

28th. 

29th. 

30th. 

31st.  We  are  still  here,  in  consequence  of  con- 
trary winds ;  but  as  soon  as  the  wind  changes, 
we  will  not  hesitate,  if  the  change  is  favorable, 
to  get  under  sail  for  our  place  of  destination  and 
rendezvous. 

Up  to  the  present  time,  we  are  all  well  and 
healthy  having  escaped  catching  the  itch  of 
Bombadier  Wall,  S.  C,  who  has  it  terribly.  I 
have  him  sleep  all  alone.  Unfortunately,  the 
surgeon  on  board  has  no  remedy  for  this  disease 
with  him,  nor  can  he  procure  any  until  we 
arrive  at  Portsmouth.  Since  the  27th,  every 
body  has  to  take  up  with  the  ship's  table.  We  all 
find  the  food  pretty  palatable  as  yet.  The  beer 
is  passable  and  drinkable.  It  is  called  **  small 
beer  "  in  English. 

The  men,  moreover,  among  themselves  arc 
cheerful  and  contented. 

'A  fortified  town  in  S.  Holland  having  naval  school ;  at  this  time  and  ^'or  a  long 
a  very  large  und  an  excellent  hatborj  also  while  after,  it  was  the  regular  station  for 
extensive  magazines,    dock-yardi    and    a     packets  to  England, 


— t.MJtiui  .irw*- 


f 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


37 


Colonel  Rainsford  thoroughly  understands  our 
profession,  and  has  been  entirely  favorable  to  us. 
Accordingly,  Dufais  and  myself,  while  with  him 
in  his  yacht,  had  to  undergo  a  systematic  and 
extended  examination  ;  at  the  result  of  which  he 
appeared  very  much  pleased.  We  drew  plans 
and  manceuvred  while  in  our  little  yacht,  but,  of 
course,  only  on  paper !  He  enquired  minutely 
into  my  administration  of  the  Company,  as  to  the 
amount  of  clothing  on  hand,  etc.;  and  upon  my 
specifying  every  thing  I  had  on  hand,  and  also 
telling  him  what  I  had  given  to  each  new  man, 
he  expressed  his  entire  satisfaction.  He  was, 
also,  particularly  gratified  on  being  told  that  each 
company,  by  order  of  his  most  serene  Highness 
the  Prince,  were  supplied  with  an  equally  good 
outfit  and,  in  some  instances,  perhaps  a  better. 

He  took  notes  of  all  these  details,  and  assured 
me  that  he  would  make  a  favorable  report  both 
to  his  Majesty,  the  King,  and  to  the  Ambas- 
sador. 

The  troops  of  the  Duke  of  Brunswick,  on  the 
contrary,  were  poorly  provided  with  these  neces- 
sary articles,  having  very  little,  if  indeed,  any- 
thing with  them. 

Second  Continuation  of  the  "Journal^  which  ended 

May  3 1  st. 

ijjty  June  I  St.  We  rode  at  anchor  in  the 
roadstead   of    Helvoetsluys  until    the  following 


J 


I 


i 


38 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


morning.  At  half  past  eight,  the  anchors  were 
weighed,  and  we  made  sail  with  a  favorable, 
though  high  wind.  This  favorable  wind  lasted 
no  longer  than  till  evening  when  it  veered  round 
and  became  unfavoni'jle.  However,  we  con- 
tinued on  our  course  until  morning. 

2d.  No  wind  whatever  ;  and  we  could  scarcely 
notice  that  we  were  moving.  By  12  o'clock  at 
noon  the  wind  became  again  favorable,  but  was 
still  very  weak.  Towards  3  o'clock  it  became 
stronger  again,  but  being  rather  ahead  delayed 
our  progress. 

3d.  However,  we  continued  on,  and  reached 
the  Channel  about  9  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
June  3d,  with  a  favorable  but  scarcely  a  notice- 
able breeze.  Towards  6  o'clock  in  the  evening,  a 
thunder-shower  gathered,  but  it  passed  olF 
towards  the  French  coast.  Towards  half  past 
eight  in  the  evening,  another  terrible  thunder 
storm  arose  accompanied  by  terrific  lightning 
and  a  very  severe  wind ;  which  latter,  although 
at  first  favorable  for  us,  soon  afterward  became 
contrary.  This  weather  lasted  until  midnight. 
The  Captain  felt  considerable  alarm,  for  we 
were  pretty  close  to  two  sand-banks  in  the 
channel ;  and  the  worst  of  all  was,  that  it  was 
night. 

4th.  After   midnight,    the    danger  seemed    to 
vanish  ;  by  two   in  the    morning  the   wind  was 


k 


PJUSCirS  JOVRNAL, 


39 


favorable ;  by  nine  and  ten  it  was  still  favorable 
but  high;  and  at  half  past  ten  we  reached  the 
roadstead  of  Spithead  where  we  cast  anchor. 

Continuation  of  the   Interrupted  Journal  at 
'  Spithead. 

June  4th.  After  mailing  my  letters  and  hum- 
ble reports,  I  enquired  at  what  time,  the  re- 
mamderof  the  Hessian  and  Brunswick  troops 
and,  also,  those  of  Waldeck,  were  expected  to 
arrive  ;  but  at  this  time  I  could  learn  nothing 
definite  about  them.  Thus  passed  the  5th,  6th, 
7th,  8th,  9th,  I oth  and  nth: 

1 2th.  The  three  transports,  with  troops  of  the 
Uuke  of  Brunswick,  arrived  today  under  the 
command  of  Col.  von  Specht,  one  of  the  trans- 
port-ships containing  his  own  regiment. 

14th.  Having  known  Col.  von  Specht  during 
the  last  war/  I  called  on  him  and  enquired 
after  the  rest  of  the  troops,  but  he  knew  nothing 
about  them.  Regarding  himself,  however,  he 
said  that  in  consequence  of  continuous  contrary 
winds  his  ship  was  thirteen  davs  in  coming  from 
the  neighborhood  of  Stade /-^n  fact,  that  the 
vessel  had  not  done  much  more  than  drift ;  and 


I  l!i 


miK 


40 


p^tJscrrs  joVRMJL 


that  he  hM\  h;ui  to  put  up  with  inany  (iisugrce- 
\hlc  things.  The  Brunswick  troops,  he  saul, 
haa  all  sailcil  at  the  same  tinic  ;  and  that  those 
of  the  ships  which  were  still  nussing  had  heen 
vhivcn  out  of  their  coiuse  by  the  wind,  and  h;u 
thus  become  separated  Irom  the  others.  Me  had 
also  heard  that  at  the  time  he  started,  some  Hes- 
sian troops  had  emhaiKed  in  only  two  vessels  ; 
and  it  was  said  that  seven  transports  were  still 
required  for  the  rest. 

i<;th.  After  the  1  5th  had  passed,  the  missing 
ships,  containing  the  Brunswick  troops,  arrived 
on  the  i6th  in  the  oriing ;  also  the  Waldeck 
Regiment. 

i6th.  Some  of  the  vessels  entered  the  harbor 
of  Spithead  the  same  evening  ;  and  some  early 
the  tollowing  morning. 

i-rth.   Of  the  last  comers,  I  have  seen  none  as 
vet.'    Lieuts.   Spangenberg  and    Bach    went    to- 
day  to    Portsmouth    on    a    furlough.     On    their 
refurn,    they    reported    that    the  I  lessian    troops 
would    arrive   without  tail  on  the  21st  or  22d  ot 
this  month.     But   before   that    time    arrived,    a 
captain   of  a  vessel   brought   the   news,   that  the 
Brunswick    and    Waldeck    troops,   the    Scheiter 
recruits,   the    horses  destined  for   the    Burgoyne 
Light  Dragoon   Regiment,  and  the  artillery  and 
baeoaee,  under  the  escort  of  two  trigates,  would 
sail'' [direct]    for    Quebec.     How    much    truth 


Jl  ffc'- 


P/fVSars  JOURNAL. 


4i 


there  is  in  these  reports,   will   he  seen     hetwecn 
now  antl  to-int)now. 

All  the  tnnsports,   now  in  this   roadstead,  are 
being    snpplicd    with    water  and    provisions  for  a 
Jinarter  of   a  year;   and,  in  ..rdcr   that  there   may 
he  room  on  hoard  lor  the  men  and  ourselves    my 
SI V  cannon,    Ki'n  carriages,    Ik,xcs,     chests,  'two 
carts,  one  wagon,  i)Iacksmith's  tools,  horses    har- 
nesses,   ropes,    tent  poles    and    other    necessaries 
were  put  on  hoard  a  s.naller  v.ssel  of  two  masts 
called  the  "  Gloucester."      All  my    men,    for  the 
purp()se  ol  keeping  good  order    in  future,  I  keep 
together    on  my  transport,  "  Juno."      ft    was  in- 
tended   that  I  shotdd  send  on    hoard  the  •'Glou- 
cester," which    carries  our  "  traps,"    twenty  four 
men;   but  I  refused  !o  d(,  so,  on  the  ground  that 
there  was  ample  room  on  the  '*  juno  "  for  all. 

Ononeofthe  Hi  unswick  iiansport  ships  where 
I  hac    v.s.ted    Col.    von  Specht    (a  large  Holland 
vessel    called   the  -  Freesland"),   there   were   4^0 
men  not  counting  the  women  and  children.    V.^ln 
after     occupymg    the    deck    three    times,    alter- 
nately,   they  cannot   inhale    the  fresh   air       The 
Colonel,    himself,    with    sixteen    officers   and  the 
bhip-Captain,     all    occupy    a    cabin     not    much 
larger  than    ours.     I^^or    the  privates,    there  are 
three  tiers  of   hunks  one  on   top  of   the   other. 
There  will  be  a  great  deal  of  sickness  among  these 
poor  people  on  account  of  their   great  number 
and  the  small  space  allotted  to  them.     It  is  said* 


I 


i 


I  i    ■     ^ 


42 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


too,  that  there  is  another  vessel  containing  550 
men,  nearly  an  entire  battalion.  Col.  Specht 
at  once  despatched  a  Captain  to  London,  to  call 
the  attention  of  his  Majesty  the  King,  himself, 
to  this  state  of  affairs  and  beg  him  to  change  it. 

19th.  The  day  passed  without  the  arrival  of 
more  vessels. 

20th.  About  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  a 
whole  fleet  of  Holland  transports  hove  in  sight; 
and  as  they  came  nearer  under  a  good  breeze  we 
were  pretty  certain  that  they  contained  Hessian 
troops,  a  surmise  which  proved  correct  when, 
about  6  o'clock  in  the  evening,  they  cast  anchor 
in  the  road.  Some  of  these  ships  sailed  closer 
in  towards  Portsmouth'  near  the  harbor  ;  and  it 
is  reported  that  they  had  on  board  coal  and 
other  goods 

The  two  Regiments  of  Wultginau  and  Bunan 
were  recognized  this  evening  ;  but  the  others 
are  as  yet  unknown  to  me,  as  they  are  still  a  good 


'Siealciiig  of  Fortsmouth  as  it  was  at 
this  time,  Mrs.  Reidescl  says  : 

"  Portsmouth  is  an  agreeable  seaport, 
aiui  that  wliich  malces  it  the  more  inter- 
esting as  a  residence  is,  that  one  has  a 
tine  view  of  the  ships  which  arrive  daily, 
and  announce  themselves  by  tiring  can- 
non. Then  tlic  people  run  down  to  the 
shore,  and  with  great  impatience  await 
their  arrival  in  port.  Ships  are  built 
here,  and  tiie  dockyard  is  splendid,  as  is, 
also,  the  building  in  which  those  young 
men,  who  are  intended  tor  the  marine 
serricc,  are  educated.     Never  have  I  be- 


fore seen  such  order  and  cleanliness  in  a 
public  school.  Since  my  visit  it  has  been 
entirely  destroyed  by  fiie.  The  house  of 
the  admiral  is  beautiful,  and  the  view 
from  it  magnificent.  A  wall  encircles 
the  city,  affording  Jiandsome  walks. 
There  arc  also,  many  beautiful  housts  in 
Portsmouth,  and  the  people,  though 
mostly  sailors,  are  more  civil  than  in 
Bristol.  The  admiral  took  care  that 
they  should  be  lo,  and  punished  all 
irrcguluritiei  with  severity,  hut  in  other 
respects  he  was  a  good  and  kind  man," 


1 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


+3 


distance  off.  After  bed-time  some  more  of  these 
vessels  came  in  sight ;  and  the  probability  is,  that 
with  the  splendid  good  wind,  now  prevailing, 
they  will  certainly  arrive  in  time  and  will 
anchor  here. 

Continuation  of  Diary  from  Spithcad  near  Ports- 

?)iouth. 

2ist    22d       During  the  night  of  the  21st  and 
22d  all  the  Hessian  troops  of  the  Third  Division 
dropped    m  one  by  one   in   Holland   Transports 
and  anchored  in  the  road  -stead.     To  these  troops, 
the  Prince  of  VValdeck's  Battalion,  it  is  said,  will 
be  added       Our  transport  was,  by  this  time,  sup- 
plied with  all  the  necessary  provisions  and  ready 
to  sail       With  the  greatest  impatience  we  waited 
trom    hour    to  hour   for    the  order    to  start      I 
went  once  more  and  for  the  last  time,  to   Ports- 
mouth  both    to  learn   something  definite  and  to 
buy  some  provisions  for  my.^elf.      Here  I   met 
the    same    morning,   many   Hessian    officers  and 
acquaintances,  and  among  ihem   Stude,    the  En- 
voy   of  Hesse- Cassel,    Capt.  von    Kurtzleben    of 
the  Infantry  Regiment,  and  von  Donop'  who  was 

Bank,   N.    r  ,  Oct    aid    i^v-^  n'  ?''""^-,    ^''""^'  '"=   '^^^^   ''""^^  '<> 

He   vJas    fo  „d    by    £'  fSi.  '1  ^'       l^uplc.se    who  iud   tenderly  „u,.ed   him. 
Capt.    Duple.se     Ivinrheir  '■'''     "'"'''■  ^ '^'^   ''"  ^'"=   ^^'"=  "H.unor,  a 


!    I 


-i    i 


:| 


i 


,!! 


m 


44- 


PAUSCtrS  JOURNJL. 


}    i         i! 


■1        1 


!       I 


at  the  same  hotel  where  I  stopped,  and  whom  I 
accordingly  visited  at  his  room,  as  I  had  ascer- 
tained he  was  then  alone.  I  was  received  in  a 
very  friendly  and  hearty  manner  by  this  states- 
man and  courtier  ;  and  after  being  entertained 
by  him  for  nearly  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  I  called 
upon  our  bankers,  Taylor  and  Guitton,  for  the 
purpose  of  hearing  the  news  and  of  bidding  them 
farewell ;  for  I  knew  now,  to  a  certainty,  through 
the  English  Quarter-Master  General  of  our  fleet 
(an  officer  of  the  Marines),  that  we  would  surely 
sail  in  a  few  days  with  the  Brunswick  troops  for 
Quebec  under  sealed  orders. 

While  waiting  at  the  Bankers,  I  met  an  army 
pay-master,  one  Schmidt  of  the  third  division  of 
the  Hessian  army.  He  was  obliged  to  exchange 
his  40,000  Thalers  for  small  bank-notes  of  five 
pounds  sterling  each,  instead  of  guineas.  This 
went  sadly  against  the  grain  ;  and  I  saw  clearly 
that  he  would  very  naturally  have  preferred  good 
hard  guineas.  The  same  offer  was  also  made  to 
me,  viz  :  that  I  should  take  as  many  small  notes 
as  I  was  in  need  of.  I  expressed  my  thanks  but 
did  not  avail  myself  of  their  offer,  saying  that 
I  had  as  many  of  them  as  I  should  need  before 
arriving  at  Quebec,  as  my  men  were  now  all  on 
board  the  ship  ;  and,  consequently,  would  not  re- 
quire any  money.  I  also  said,  that  I  hoped, 
after  arriving  there',  that  I  should  receive  genuine 

'  /'.  e.  Quebec. 


-J'  i. 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


45 


money,  not  those  little  bits  of  paper' ;  and  farther, 
that  I  intended  to  pay  my  men  for  their  services 
in  real  money  till  we  arrived  [in  America].      My 
chief  reason,  however,  —  and  it  was  not  inconsist- 
ent  with  the  above   excuse  —  was  this;   that   in 
case  of  an  accident  to  the  ship  or  to  us,  the  little 
quantity    of  money  we  had  on  board   might   be 
more  easily  saved.      I  had  intended,  after  finish- 
ing all  my  business,   to  go  on  board  the  vessel  at 
about  7  o'clock,  but  the  weather  was  so  stormy, 
that  no  one  would  risk  his  life  by  going  out  to 
the   ship    in   a   small    boat  ;   and   his  life   would 
really    have     been    greatly    endangered.       I    at- 
tempted  it   twice    between  8  and   9  o'clock    but 
each  time  was  driven  back  to  the  shore. 

22d.  Finally,  after  many  dangers,  I  started  in 
my  boat  the  next  morning  between  8  and  1 1 
o'clock,  on  the  22d  ;  but  I  was  obliged  to  get  on 
board  a  ship  anchored  quite  a  distance  from 
mine,  and  on  which  were  the  Hessian  Chasseurs 
and  Grenadiers,  and  there  wait  until  the  fury  of 
the  storm  had  abated  and  my  clothes  had  dried. 
This  was  not  until  afternoon. 

Every  thing  was  sinfully  extravagant  and  dear, 
during  the  whole  time  of  our  stay,  both  for 
officers  and  privates.  This  remark  applies  to 
every  necessary  article  for  our  use.  All  imagin- 
able provisions  were  daily  brought  by  vendors 
from    the  city    in  small   boats  to  each' ship  for 

'Had    Pausch    lived    in    our  day    he     "  Bland  Silver  dollar  !  " 
would     prob«bly   have   gone   in   tor   the 


:;i 


mm.1 


^p 


'I   I! 


I  I 


i 


I 


)  ^ 


I 


ill- 


46 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


sale  ;  but  bread  and  every  thing  else  was  so  dear 
that  the  men  could  hardly  afford  to  buy  them. 
Otherwise,  Portsmouth  and  its  surroundings  are 
very  pleasant. 

The  city  itself,  judging  from  outward  appear- 
ance, consists  of  well  built  houses,  although 
there  are  many  small  dwellings  in  the  side  streets 
and  suburbs.  To  the  west  of  it,  is  a  large  and 
extensive  building  with  big  gardens  attached. 
This  is  the  Hospital  for  all  the  sick  soldiers  and 
sailors  of  the  King.  Others,  however,  may 
become  inmates  by  obtaining  permission.  To 
the  east  is  the  citadel,  which,  as  well  as  the  city 
near  the  road  stead,  is  fortified  by  many  large 
iron  cannons.  On  the  hindside,  also,  the  place  is 
enclosed  by  the  most  durable  works.  The 
harbor,  the  wharfs  —  in  tact,  the  shops  for  the 
building  and  repairing  of  ships,  the  anchor 
works  and  other  blacksmith-shops,  the  depot 
for  provisions  and  the  arsenals  are  all  well  worthy 
of  inspection.  Especially  noteworthy  is  the 
astonishing  number  of  iron  ship-cannon  —  of 
from  48  to  12  and  6  pounders — with  the  large 
quantity  of  balls,  and  the  awfully  big  anchors. 
But  the  handsomest  appearance  of  all  .was  made 
by  the  Manual  transport  frigate,  which  was 
anchored  in  the  road.  Many  other  ships  were 
also  gathered  here  in  considerable  numbers. 
The  place,  itself,  which  is  not  extensive,  deserves, 
on  account   of  the   above  objects  of  curiosity,  to 


PjIVsch's  journal. 


M 


be  visited  in  preference  to  many  other  towns. 
It  should  be  seen  particularly  during  the  working 
hours  of  the  ship-builders.  A  visitor,  also,  should 
glance  at  the  front  of  the  Arsenal  where  are 
situated  the  cannon,  mortars,  and  the  balls. 

23d  and  24th.  During  the  23d  and  241!!  the 
Brunswick  troops  were  supplied  with  their  pro- 
visions. The  provisioning  of  the  Hessian  soldiers 
was  also  begun.  On  the  evening  of  the  24th,  the 
above  mentioned  officer  of  Marines,  viz  :'  the 
former  Quarter- Master  General,  inspected  the 
number  of  our  Marines.  He  also  looked  over 
the  list  of  the  Captain  commanding  the  ship  on 
which  was  my  company.  He  then  told  us  that 
we  would  sail  on  the  morrow,  and  hoped  and 
wished  that  we  would  reach  our  destination  after 
a  pleasant  voyage. 

25th.  A  little  past  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
our  anchors  were  hoisted,  and,  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  two  frigates,  "  Amazon  "  and 
**  Garland,"  we  sailed  with  the  rest  of  the  trans- 
ports as  far  as  the  Islan^l  of  St.  Helena'  where 
we  all  again  cast  anchor.  This  Island  is  from 
six  to  seven  miles  distant  from  Portsmouth,  and, 
as  my  ship's  Patron^  describes  it,  15  English 
miles  long  and  about  the  same  in  width.  It  is 
inhabited  ;  and  is  very  pleasant  and  fertile. 
Here  I   counted    our   fleet,  which    was  separated 

•  Pausch     (probably     from     lack     of     of  Wight,  with    the    Island   itielf.      He 
knowledge  of    English)  was    mieled,  and      means  the  hie  of  Wight 
confuied  the  Bay  of  &.  Htlem  in. the  Iile         ■'i.  e.  The  Captain 


w  >  I 


+8 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


i 


i  1 


from  the  rest  at  Spithead.  It  consists,  including 
our  ship,  of  30  transports,  and  the  above  men- 
tioned frigates,  of  which  the  "  Amazon  "  leads 
the  van,  and  the  "  Garland  "  brings  up  the  rear. 
The  entire  tieet,  therefore,  consists  of  32  ships. 
One  of  these  ships  carries  our  company  with  all 
of  its  "  traps  "  and  accoutrements  ;  while  eighteen 
others  have  on  board  the  troops  of  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick,  Scheiter's  recruits,  the  horses  for 
the  Light  Dragoon  Regiment  of  Burgoyne,  and 
the  artillery  and  baggage. 

The  commander  of  the  fleet  —  so  far  as  relates 
to  the  ships  themselves  —  is  Capt.  Jacobs,  a 
Swede  by  birth  ;  but  the  Brunswick  troops  are 
under  the  command  of  Col.  von  Specht. 

26th.  At  a  quarter  past  four  in  the  afternoon, 
the  signal  shot  was  fired ;  the  sails,  hitherto 
lowered,  were  hoisted  ;  the  anchors  were 
weighed  ;  and,  without  further  delay  and  with  a 
fine  east  wind,  we  sailed  ;  and  thus,  at  last,  we 
had  made  a  good  start  upon  our  journey. 

27th.  During  this  day  we  kept  generally  along- 
side of  the  fleet,  ours  being  the  ship  nearest  the 
frigate  which  led  the  advance.  But  as  the  dusk 
of  evening  came  on,  the  commander  of  the 
**  Amazon  "  saw  that  our  Captain,  although  only 
under  half  sail,  had  to  hold  back  his  ship  with 
all  his  might,  since,  of  all  the  other  transports,  it 
cut   its   way  the   quickest    through   the   waves  ; 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


49 


in  fact,  sailing  as  well  as  the  fastest  frigate.  The 
**  Amazon's  "  Commander,  accordingly  ordered 
our  captain  to  lower  those  sails  which  were  still 
unfurled,  and  to  sail  in  front  of  his  frigate,  direct- 
ing him  at  the  same  time,  however,  not  to  lose 
sight  of  the  tleet.  The  Captain  did  as  ordered 
and  placed  our  ship  in  the  van.  But,  as  in  con- 
sequence of  the  night,  all  the  ships  were  obliged 
to  separate  somewhat  from  the  rest  in  order  to 
avoid  an  untoward  collision,  and  as,  furthermore, 
the  darknesss  rendered  it  impossible  to  keep  the 
fleet  in  view,  we  found,  at  day-break  of  the  28th, 
that  we  had  entirely  separated  from  it.  We 
could  not,  indeed,  see  a  single  vessel.  We  were 
now  alone  on  the  open  sea  without  the  company 
of  our  transports  and  the  protection  of  our 
frigates;  and  the  29th  and  30th  past  in  a  fruit- 
less attempt  to  rejoin  them.' 

At  the  end  of  these  two  days  we  gave  up  all 
hope  of  again  meeting  them  :  the  wind  was  un- 
favorable :  we  could  make  but  little  progress  : 
we  could  only  tack. 

July  ist.   No   wind:   indeed,  far  less   than  on 
the  previous   two  days.     In    twenty-nine  hours, 
we  made  scarcely  as  many  English  miles.     The 
same  evening,  however,  a  breeze   sprang   up   of 
such  a  nature  as  to  cause  the  sea  to  become  very 

'  Corroborated  by  Riedesel,  who  writes,  board  the  Hesse-Hanau  artillery  ;  but  the 
'•The  transports  had  left  England  simul-  latter,  soon  becoming  separated  from  the 
tancously    with    the    vessel    having   on     rest  of  the  convoy,  got  the  lead." 


^1 


It 


It 


so 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL 


th 


I 


boisterous.  After  twenty-four  hours,  however, 
the  angry  waves  quieted  down,  but  the  head 
wind  still  continued,  so  that  little  headway  was 
made  in  a  westerly  direction. 

4th,  5th  and  6th.  The  wind  seemed  gradually 
to  become  more  and  more  auspicious  —  though 
not  all  that  could  be  desired  —  until  the  morning 
of  the  7th,  when,  at  a  quarter  past  seven,  the 
wind  became  perfectly  favorable  and  the  sea 
calm  and  propitious  for  our  progress.  On  the 
evening  of  the  same  day,  about  a  quarter  of  7,  we 
perceived  approaching  us  a  small  two-master. 
Our  Captain  recognized  it  as  an  American  priva- 
teer or  pirate.  He  therefore  ordered  his  six 
cannon  to  be  got  in  readiness  for  action,  and  also 
the  small  arms  for  the  sailors,  which  consisted  of 
guns,  pistols,  blunderbusses,  and  long  terrible 
Israelitish  cimeters".  My  men,  also,  who  were  not 
yet  sea-sick  were  made  ready  for  the  emergency. 
The  subalterns  and  my  best  cannoniers  I  armed 
with  the  twelve  muskets  which  I  had.  I  could 
not  help  feeling  sorrowful  at  the  lack  of  muskets, 
for,  otherwise,  I  might  have  armed  my  entire 
company. 

8th.  Towards  morning,  about  a  quarter  past 
one,  the  American  Corsair  was  within  gun-shot. 
We  saluted  it  by  three  sharp  cannon  shot,  follow- 
ing   each    other    in    slow  succession,  as    a  si 

•  Piusch  calls  them  ••  Israelitiah,"  but  was  nut  exhaustive  ;  and  anything  ti  n 
he  probably  meant  Damascus  cimeters.  Syria  or  the  East  had,  in  his  mind,  a 
The  knowledge  of  the  East  at  this  time     Jewish  cast  ! 


T 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


51 


for  it  to  halt.     Whereupon,  it  hung  out  from 
the  mast-head   a  lighted   lantern,  furled  its   sails 
and  waited.      Upon    hailing  it    through  a  speak- 
ing-trunipet,  the   captain    ascertained  that  it  was 
only  a  French  fishing  smack,  hound  for  the  great 
fishing  hanks  of  Newfoundland,   which   France, 
under  certain  conditions,   holds  in  common  with 
England.      These    hanks    are    situated    between 
Cape    Race'   and  St.  Peter's    Bank,  150    English 
miles    in  front  of  the    above    mentioned    Cape 
almost  in  mid-ocean.     The  captain   went  in  one 
of  our  boats  on  board  the   vessel  and    found  that 
the  master  of  the  smack  had  stated  things  cor- 
rectly. 

For    six    days    this    fishing    smack  had  sailed 
under  favorable  winds— the   same  winds  which 
to  us  had  been  so  inauspicious.     The  fact  that  it 
was   night,  had,  it   seems,  caused  our  ship   to  be 
taken  for  the  English  frigate  "  Juno,"  and  to  be 
respected  accordingly.     This  was  quite  an  inno- 
cent honor  !     Another  vessel  of  the  same  kind 
appeared   a  ftiw  hours  later  ;    and,  again,   it  was 
taken,  in  the  distance,  to  be  an  American  priva- 
teer.     We  went  through  the  same  manoeuvres  as 
before,  and  with  the  same  result ;  as  it  turned  out, 
as  above   hinted,  to   be  another  French    fishing 
smack.     The     French     Captain     requested    our 
Captain,  upon  landing,  to  insert  in  a  Newspaper, 
that   the  English    transport  *'  Juno,"   having   on 

'Pausch  refers  of  course,  to  Cape  Ray,  opposite  Cape  Breton. 


I 


m 


■^^^ 


IM 


m^m 


' 


y^-r 


i 


\ 


52 


PAUSCtrS  JOURNAL. 


board  the  Hanau  Artillery,  had  met  his  vessel  on 
her  way  to  America.  Regarding  our  ship  having 
been  mistaken  for  the  "Juno"  by  the  first  vessel, 
Capt.  Schmidt  of  our  ship  gave  that  out  for  a 
fact ;  and  it  was  no  doubt  so  reported  in  some 
of  the  newspapers.     . 

During  these  defensive  preparations,  and  while 
it  was  yet  supposed  that  the  vessels  were  priva- 
teers, there  was  considerable  downheartedness 
among  both  the  young  and  old — particularly 
when  the  cannon  were  (iring.  However,  after  a 
little  while  all  hands,  except  those  who  were  sea- 
sick, came  up,  with  sabres  in  their  hands,  ready  for 
fighting.  The  sabres,  however,  were  so  short 
that  they  would  have  been  of  no  use  for  blood- 
letting unless  the  enemy  had  boarded  the  ship. 
I  was  in  the  greatest  dilemma  on  account  of 
the  paucity  of  muskets;  for  with  those  18'  we 
might  have  been  captured. 

1 2th.  Our  ship  continued  on  without  any 
more  of  such  obstacles.  The  wind,  however, 
continued  more  adverse  than  favorable,  constantly 
driving  our  vessel  in  ;:  zig-zag  course,  now  to  the 
right,  and  now  to  the  left,  whereby  we  made 
but  little  progress.  Towards  a  quarter  of  nine 
the  wind  began  to  get  astonishingly  strong. 
The  waves  roared  around  the  ship  to  the 
height   of  two-thirds  of  the  main-mast.     This 

*  la?   See  Antt, 


i 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


SZ 


caused  considerable  commotion  in  the  ship,  so 
that  no  one  could  stand,  much  less  walk,  and 
this  lasted  fully  twenty-four  hours. 

13th.  Towards  9  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  the 
wind  being  fair,  we  made  eight  English  miles 
an  hour;  but  our  joy,  on  this  account,  lasted 
only  till  half  past  three  in  the  afternoon  when 
the  wind,  becoming  a  perfect  gale,  lashed  the 
sea  into  terrible  fury  and  caused  us  to  expect 
death  every  moment.' 

15th.  Toward  4  o'clock  in  the  morning  of 
the  15th  this  gale  was  succeeded  by  a  favorable 
wind  which  lasted  till  the  17th,  when  by  4 
o'clock  in  the  morning  it  threatened  to  change 
into  a  most  furious  gale.  Indeed,  it  soon  be- 
came so  violent,  that  the  Captain,  who  was 
generally  a  most  courageous  man  and  a  daring 
mariner,  lost  his  courage.  So,  also,  did  the 
sailors.  All  the  sails  which  were  hoisted  were 
torn  by  the  wind  into  tatters,  and  the  main  mast 
(the  strongest)  was  broken  short  off.  Each  suc- 
cessive wave  following  the  other  swept  over  the 
deck  or  rather  the  ship ;  and  so  much  water 
came  into  the  vessel,  that  those  who  slept  in  the 
lowest  bunk  under  the  forward  deck  with  their 
baggage,  were  flooded  ;  and  this,  too  although 
all  the  openings  and  air-holes  |dead  lights  |  were 
covered.     Now  the  ship  would  lay  on  one  side, 

'  And  if  not  too  sea-sick,  P^usch  proba-     in  not  taking  with  him  those  "  little  bits 
bly  congratulated  himself  on  his  foresight     of  paper  !  " 


W    V 


\ 


■V1 


1.   15 


54 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


and  now  on  the  other  —  her  masts  touching  the 
waters,  which  now  rose  around  the  ship  higher 
than  the  masts.  At  times  we  seemed  to  be  in  a 
deep  abyss  between  the  walls  of  water.  Every 
one  of  us,  including  the  Captain  himself,  ex- 
pected every  moment  would  be  our  last ;  and 
each  one  appeared  reconciled  to  the  inevit- 
able, giving  up  all  hope  of  ever  seeing  America, 
or  his  fatherland  again.  This  storm  was 
not  to  be  compared  with  those  we  had  be- 
fore encountered.  It  continued  without  abate- 
ment until  eleven  at  night,  when  its  fury  became 
less.  All  minds  were  filled  with  fear  and  terror; 
until  finally,  at  4  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the 
1 8th,  the  storm  ceased  its  violence  ;  and  by  after- 
noon, the  wind  became  so  quiet,  that  the  vessel 
made  no  headway  whatever.  At  1 2  o'clock, 
the  Captain  ascertained,  by  his  quadrant,  that  we 
had  been  driven   back  by  the  storm  forty  miles. 

The  19th,  20th,  21st,  22d  and  23d  found  us 
continuing  our  voyage  against  head  winds  slowly, 
but,  on  the  whole,  successfully.  The  men  dried 
their  large  and  small  clothes  by  the  little  sun 
which  at  times  shone  ;  while,  daily,  the  torn 
sails  were  repairing. 

24th.  A  storm  again  ;  but  fortunately  not  ac- 
companied by  head  winds,  otherwise,  this  one 
might  have  proved  worse  than  the  last  one. 

25th.  The  25th  was  the  first  really  fine  day 
of  our  voyage   since   we   left   Spithead   and  the 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


55 


Isle  of  St.  Helena  [Isle  of  Wight'  ].  All  this 
time,  up  to  now,  in  addition  to  storms,  we  had 
encountered  very  thick  fog,  constant  rain,  and 
very  cold  weather. 

26th  and  27th.     Wind  and  weather  good. 

28th.  Again,  head  winds.  At  12  o'clock  at 
noon,  the  compass  showed  that  under  the  48th 
degree,  latitude  and  longitude,  we  were  1968 
miles  from  Portsmouth,  of  which  41  was 
reckoned  to  one  degree. 

29th.  This  morning,  about  10  o'clock,  an 
artillery-man,  who  was  doing  sentinel's  duty, 
saw  land,  or  rather  thought  he  saw  it.  Upon 
the  fog  lifting,  however,  and  we  approaching 
nearer,  we  perceived  it  to  be  an  iceberg  ^  of  a 
mile  long,  \  of  a  mile  broad  and  240  feet  high 
without  counting  the  50  or  60  feet  which  was 
under  water.  The  wind  being  more  than  \  a 
head,  the  ice-berg  was  directly  in  our  course  ; 
and  as  the  following  night  was  not  only  very 
dark  but  foggy,  had  it  not  been  discovered  by  us 
in  the  daytime,  it  might  have  caused  a  collision 
and  the  foundei  .  g  of  the  ship.  Thus,  our 
general  rejoicing  at  seeing,  as  we  supposed,  land, 
came,  as  the  saying  is,  to  naught.  The  sight  of 
this  great  piece  of  ice  so  suddenly  looming  up 
at  this  time  of  the  year  and  in  such  regions 
caused  in  myself  and  my  companions    (who  felt 


! 


,, 


b  i 


*See  previous  note. 


f 


I 


1 

9 

56 


PAUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


as  I  did)  an  unspeakable  yearning  for  a  self  sup- 
porting, fertile  spot  of  land,  no  matter  where 
situated  ! ' 

30th.  This  day,  as  well  as  the  one  following, 
we  passed  on  the  open  sea,  with  stormy  weather 
and  contrary  winds,  and  suffering,  withal,  the 
cold  of  Winter. 

31st.  At  noon,  we  were,  according  to  our 
reckoning,  in  48  degrees  and  59  minutes  longi- 
tude; and  had,  therefore,  made  2048  English 
miles.  The  same  evening,  about  eight  o'clock, 
we  reached  the  great  Fishing-Banks,  where  we 
found  fifty  fathoms  of  water.  Each  fathom 
contains  or  is  equal  to  six  English  feet. 

August  I  St  and  2d.  Our  voyage  was  attended 
by  head  winds  \  on  our  quarter.  Here  we 
caught  English  gold-fish. 

3d.  We  reached  the  Island  of  Cape  Breton 
opposite  Louisburg  with  such  a  favorable  breeze, 
that  we  saw  Cape  Race  at  9  in  the  morning. 
It  lies  to  our  right,  and  forms  with  its  right  bank 
the  strait  or  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  At  this 
point,  according  to  the  statement  of  our  Captain 
and  his  quadrant,  we  had  made  2103  English 
miles  from  Portsmouth,  and  are  now  in  the 
above  named  Gulf. 

"There  must,  however,  have  been  some  second    division     had    arrived    after    an- 

way  of  communicating  with  Quebec,  some  auspicious  voyage.     The  rumor,  howevei, 

means     of  telegraphing,  —  since     Gen.  was  only  partially   confirmed,  as  only  one 

Riedesel,  in  his    Journal,   says   ''  On   the  ship    arrived  having   on  board  the  Hesse 

29th  of  July  there  was  a  rumor  that  the  Hanau  artillery." 


•Si 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


S7 


5th.  The  wind  was  propitious ;  but  we  could 
not  make  headway  on  account  of  the  dense  fog, 
as  we  had  to  avoid  the  Islands  of  St.  Magdalene, 
with  the  dangerous  cliffs  by  which  they  are  sur- 
rounded, and  which  lay  to  our  right.  For  this 
reason,  all  our  sails  were  furled  ;  and  coming  to 
a  halt ,  we  caught  gold-fish*  for  pastime.  These 
fish  were  served  the  next  day  with  bur.ter  to  the 
men  as  rations ;  and  they  tasted  first  rate. 

6th.  On  the  6th  we  again  had  a  view  of  the 
west  side  of  this  Island,  which  we  passed  at  five 
in  the  evening.  In  consequence  of  the  fog  and 
the  cliffs,  the  sails  had  again  to  be  furled, 
obliging  us  to  tack. 

7th.  This  lasted  till  5  in  the  afternoon.  By 
four,  we  had  in  our  sight  the  little  Island  of  St. 
Paul ;  and  on  our  left  North  Cape  Breton  — 
both  of  which  we  passed  about  1 1  o'clock  in  the 
night. 

8th.  In  the  morning  about  8  o'clock,  we  ap- 
proached North  Point  passing  it  under  a  most 
favorable  wind,  at  about  half  past  eight  in  the 
evening,  alongside  of  the  West  Cape  or  Point  of 
the  Magdalene  Islands. 

* /.  f,  to  anchor.  As  a  military  man  coast  to  the  extreme  north.  They  were 
and  not  a  sailor,  Pausch  uses  the  term  calleJ  then,  as  they  are  now,  by  English 
he  Ij  most  familiar  with  —  "halt."  sailors,    "  Lnglish   gold   tinnies  "  and   so 

Pausch     n.ituiMlly    thought     they     were 

■The  common  salt  water  perch,  found  named  gold-tish.— y^.  McF.  Da-vis  to  the 
so  abundantly   in  shoal  water  along  the     translator. 


I 


\i\ 


58 


PJUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


9th,  loth  and  i  ith.    Until  noon,  there  was  no 
wind.     The  weather,  also,  seemingly,  was  beau- 
tiful, notwithstanding  which  we  made  little  or  no 
progress.      However,  about  half  past  twelve,  we 
had  a  tolerably  fair  breeze,  and  we  passed  Bona- 
ventura.     At   this  place   we  .sailed    over  a  bank, 
where,  for  the  distance  of  a  mile,  we  had  but  4 
and  \  to  5  and  6  fathoms  of  water.     This,  how- 
ever, did  not   last  long ;   for    toward   evening  we 
found  we  had  12,  then  15,  and  finally  16,  and  by 
evening,    80    fathoms   of  water.     We    rounded 
Cape    Rosiere  at   12   o'clock   at  night,    under   a 
most  beautiful  clear   blue  sky  ;  and  early  on  the 
1 2th,  with   extraordinary  good   wind,  we    found 
ourselves  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  south  of  the  Island 
of  Anticosti.      Here  we  met  a  small  two  master, 
which  had  on  board  the  wives  of  English  sailors. 
It  hailed  from  Halifax  ;  and  the  cargo  was  to  be 
discharged  at  Quebec.      On  this  ship  was  a  pilot 
from  the   Isle  of  Orleans,    this  side  of  Quebec, 
who  was  engaged  by  our   Captain  to   take  us  to 
that  place. 

13th,  14th  and  15th.  We  reached  the  little 
Island  Nicholas.  In  the  morning,  at  half  past 
eight,  we  were  met  by  a  large  English  transport 
having  on  board  Royal  troops  from  Boston  ;  and 
half  an  hour  later,  we  encountered  four  more 
transports,  under  the  escort  of  the  Royal  Frigate 
"  Pearl,"  carrying  troops  for  the  corps  d'armee  in 


I 


-Ji   1 


mim 


mmmt 


PJUSCfl'S  JOURNAL. 


59 


the  vicinity  of  New  York.  We  were  examined 
by  an  officer  of  this  Frigate,  who  boarded  our 
vessel  from  a  small  boat. 

i6th.  The  whole  of  this  day,  as  well  as  the 
next  two  days  ( the  17th  and  i8th)  in  consequence 
of  |ie  untoward  North  West  wind,  was  spent  in 
loahng  in  the  river  and  in  tacking  from  one  side 
to  the  other  ;  so  that  we  did  not  make  a  quarter 
ot  a  mile  headway. 

Since  yesterday,  the  mountains  called  Camille' 
are  in  sight ;  and  if  we  had  but  a  favorable  wind 
of  only  ;  on  our  quarter  we  should  soon  reach 
them.  Today,  we  again  met  a  Royal  Frigate 
on  her  voyage.  She  is  called  the  '«  Tartar  •  "  and 
we  met  her  about  15  miles  below  the' above 
named  point,  close  to  the  Camille.  No  officer 
from  this  frigate  examined  us  on  board,  but  only 
by  a  speaking-trumpet. 

19th    to     the    26th.      We    reached    Quebec^" 
towards  evening   about  5  o'clock.      On  our  way, 


'  There  are  no  mountains,  now  called 
by  this  name,  either  in  Canada  or  anv 
where  else  that  we  know  .f.  The  moun- 
tains seen  by  I'auscli  were  the  Shikshock 
in  Gaspe,  with  the  Lauientian  and  Alle- 
ghany ran-e  in  the  distance.  Possihiy 
"_  Camille"  may  have  been  a  locil  name 
given  to  iliem  at  the  time  when  Pausih 
vvrote,  as  the  Agent  of  the  Seii;r,ori(s,  at 
the  present  day,  enjoys  the  title  of 
Camt/:e. 

"  i)uebet,  which  is  a  perfect  type  of  an 
ancient  medieval  town,  is  buiit   upon  a 


rocky  promontory,  formed  by  the  junc 
tion  of  the  St.  Charles  and  St'.  Lawrence 
Rivers.  The  hi-hest  point  is  on  the 
southerly  side,  facing  the  .St.  Lawrence; 
this .  ide  is  also  the  most  precipitous  and  was 
originally  about  300  feetaluve  the  water. 
It  slojies  gradually  toward  the  north  till 
the  elevation  is  perhaps  not  more  than 
100  feet  above  the  lower  town.  The 
general  form  of  the  upper  town  resembles 
a  triangle,  with  each  side  about  half  a 
mile  in  extent,  the  base  resting  on  the 
land  side.  Around  the  edge  of  this  rock 
the   wall  of  the  city   is   built,   which-  is 


JT 


Hi 


ii 


60 


P.^  USCH'S  JO  UR  NAL. 


we  met  one  transport  with  provisions ;  and 
afterwards,  two  frigates  in  succession,  called  re- 
spectively the  **  Juno"  and  the  "  Carp," 


alnmt  twenty-fur  (cct  thick  .ind  twrnty- 
five  fcrt  high,  tliciigh  in  m.iny  pities, 
owini;  to  thf  irrpgiil.uity  <)l  the  founil.i- 
tion,  it  varii'8  i-oniidcrably  fVum  these 
propfitions.  The  w.ills,  iiiiving  been 
hiii't  tor  ilifonse,  were  Odnitiimccl  of 
couiM*  upon  si.i'iitilii',  military  principles, 
lienee  liic  ranip.uts  are  wanting  in  that 
arcliircctural  heauty  one  woiiKI  see  ii\  a 
castle,  for  they  are  so  placed  that  when 
guns  are  mounted  upon*  them  tluy  may 
command  the  most  advantageous  positions, 
so  that  the  fortilication  contains  numerous 
angles,  equal  to  almost  any  number  of 
degrees. 

At  the  time  of  I'ausch's  visit  thrie 
were  three  gates  through  the  town  lead- 
ing to  the  '*  Lower  town  "  eastward  and 
northward,  and  three  leading  westward 
out  into  the  open  country.  The  three 
former,  since  tiie  garrison  was  withdrawn 
a  few  years  since,  have  been  razed,  leaving 


nothing  to  obntruct  a  passage  from  the 
Lower  town  ;  the  three  latter  still  remain 
arched  gateways,  much  the  same,  doubt- 
less, in  poiiit  of  strength  as  when  they 
were  first  constructed,  hut  in  point  o. 
beauty  recently  very  much  improved. 
They  are  named  St.  [oim,  St.  Louis  and 
Kent  gates  respectively,  the  latter  in 
honor  of  the  Ouke  of  Kent,  the  father 
of  yui'eii  Victoria.  Through  St.  Louisgate 
the  "i^n,;'/,/  iillte"  which  is  French  for 
Hroadw.iy,  the  broadest  street  in  the  city, 
leadn  out  into  the  country  direct  to  the 
historic  pl.iins  of  Abraham,  which  are 
about  a  mile  distant.  Nothing  remains 
upon  this  plain  to-day  to  tell  the  visitor 
of  the  scenes  that  were  once  enacted 
here,  except  a  plain,  round  granite  shaft, 
surnuuintcd  by  a  hehtKct,  on  the  b.»se  of 
which  is  the  following  inscription.  "  Here 
died  Wolle  victorious,  September  13, 
•7  59  " 


QUKBEC,    IN    1776. 

From  a  contemporary  Print. 


-t  '^\  -^ 


'm  i 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


6i 


At  Quebec,  we  were  ordered  at  once  to  Mon- 
treal' as  the  wind  was  favorable.  We  therefore 
were  obliged  once  more  to  hoist  anchor;  and,  as 
the  wind  was  auspicious,  sailed  a  little  distance 
up  the  River  and  again  anchored. 

27th.  During  the  night  preceding  the  27th, 
about  a  quarter  to  seven,  we  again  got 
under  way.  Near  Point  Ncuf  wemet  a  Frigate, 
and  from  her  we  again  received  an  order  to  sail. 
Accordingly,  we  continued  on,  but  cast  anchor 
the  same  night,  at  half  past  seven,  near  St. 
Pierre. 

28th.  Early  in  the  morning,  at  four  o'clock, 
we  set   sail,  and    reached  Champlain.      Here  lay 


•  Gen.  Riedescl  thus  writes  of  Montreal 
at  this  time. 

"  This  city  is  somewhat  handsomer 
than  yuebcc,  and  may  rontain,  perhaps, 
sixteen  hundred  houses.  Its  wall  is 
nothing  more  than  an  apology  for  a  wall 
with  loop-holes  for  cannon  ami  fire  aims; 
and  what  is  called  tlie  citadel  is  only  a 
log  house  in  poor  condition.  These 
works  were  tirst  hegun  in  1 736.  The 
whole  island,  including  the  city,  belongs 
to  tl>e  Seminary.  This  has  cIcvimi  or- 
dained piii'sts  beside  a  (i-w  other  priests 
who  are  di-lrihuied  among  the  nine 
parishes  whii  h  are  on  tln'  i.-;laiid  These 
were  the  tiist  piiests  that  got  to<jihold  in 
this  part  of  Canada  'I'hey  i.iine  fio;n 
tlie  Seminary  of  St  Suljice  at  Paris,  and 
are  to  this  day  dependent  upon  it,  having 
induced  tiie  king  of  Trance  to  grant  them 
in  1646  this  island.  Tlicy  have  founded 
a  very  respectable  college  for  the  youth 
who  were  formerly  taught  by  the  Jesuits. 
Near  this  seminary  is  the  best  garden  in 
all  Canada.     Most  £uropean   plants  are 


found  here.  Tlie  revenues  of  the  semi- 
nary amount  yearly  to  twenty  thousand 
thalers.  The  few  Jesuits  who  arc  in 
Montreal,  and,  indeed,  throughout 
Canada,  still  own  their  posiessions.  'I'he 
entire  parish  of  I,a  Prairie  in  this  city, 
for  instance,  belongs  to  them. 

"  The  Hospital  or  Hotel  Dieu,  in 
which  are  some  members  of  the  order  of 
St.  Augustine,  is  in  a  splendid  condition. 
There  is,  als'),  .1  hospital  for  the  army. 
There  is,  likewise,  in  the  city  a  convent — 
La  (>iinmunaute  de  Secours  de  la  Con- 
gregation de  Notre  Dame  —  a  general 
Hospital  of  the  Sister;  of  Charity,  and  a 
Cloister  of  RecoUel  .  (ti  the  four 
churches,  that  of  the  Jesuits  has  ceased 
to  exist  ' 

Montreal  was  also  the  market  place 
for  the  important  fur  trade  with  the 
Indians  ;  whence  tlie  traders  visited  the 
Indian  hunters  in  the  interior,  in  order 
to  exchange  clothing,  ammunition,  orna- 
ments, liquors,  etc.,  for  peltry. 


i   i  > 


Ml 


■  '    f 


62 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


I 


Si 


at  anchor  the  Frigate  **  La  Blande ;  "  and  we 
were  at  once  ordered  to  start  for  Three  Rivers.' 
It  was  then  a  quarter  past  seven  ;  and  by  a 
quarter  of  ten  we  lay  there  |  Three  Rivers  |  at 
anchor.  The  evening  previous  and  also  this 
morning,  our  ship  p.issed  over  two  sunken  rocks 
and  narrowly  cscapcvl  being  damaged. 

The  wheelman,  the  Captain,  and,  indeed,  all 
of  us,  were  greatly  scared  by  this  occurrence; 
for  it  was  but  a  short  time  before  this  that 
we  passed  a  small  vessel  which,  two  months 
since,  had  met  with  a  similiar  accident,  in  con- 
sequence of  which  she  had  been  dismantled,  and, 
as  we  passed,  was  lying  on  her  side.  A  few  hours 
after,  we  received  another  order  to  sail  at  once 
southward,  with  our  transport,  to  Sorel  at  the 
mouth  of  the  River  Richelieu,  across  the  Lake 
St.  Pierre,  The  pilot  and  the  Captain  refused 
to  obey  tliis  order  on  the  ground  that  there  was 
great  danger  on  account  of  the  lowness  of  the 
water,  our  ship  drawing  14  feet  ;  while,  in  some 
places,  there  was  scarcely  10  to  11  feet  of  water. 

But  notwithstanding  our  remonstrances,  the 
order  was  reiterated  with  the  remark,  "  No 
matter  how  great  the  danger."  This  order  was 
delivered    by    a    little   young   gentleman    of  the 

'  Tliiff    Rivers,  wliiih    was  the   lieiid-  with  1200  inh.ibitants.     The  chitf' huild- 

qunrters   of  the    German    troops    duriiit;  ings    were   a    convent  ot    the    Augustine 

their  winter  cantonment,  was  the  smallest  friars  ami  an  English  barracks,  capable  of 

of  the  thiee    principal    Canadian    towns,  holding  500  men. 
and  counted  at  this  time  about  250  houses 


•y 


PJUSCH'S  yOURNJL.  63 

Mary.  Now,  after  conducting  the  company 
thus  far  in  safety,  to  imperii  all  merely  for  the 
sake  of  sailing  15  leagues  farther  in  the  same 
ship  was  absurd.  Therefore,  rather  than  run  the 
risk  of  drowning,  1  positively  refused  to  go 
further,  stating  that  my  most  gracious  Prince 
had  lent  the  artillery  company  for  the  service  of 
his  Royal  Majesty,  hut  not  tor  drowning  pur- 
poses in  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  As  the  dis- 
tance to  Montreal  was  hut  thirty  leagues  I  took 
an  extra  post  and  a  courier ;  and  in  the  company 
of  Lieut.  Dufais  (whom  I  was  obliged  to  take 
with  me  on  account  of  his  knowledge  of  French) 
I  started  from  Three  Rivers  a  little  after  3  P.  M. 

After  traveling  all  night,  I  arrived  at  Mon- 
treal at  half  past  tenon  the  morning  of  the  29th. 
I  did  not,  however,  meet  his  P^xcellency  Gov- 
ernor (Lt.  von)  Carleton'  for  that  General  had 
made  his  headquarters  at  Chambly  which  is 
about  9  English  miles  from  Lake  Champlain. 
Here  was  the  army  which  was  divided  into 
Regiments,  and  again  into  commands,  and  was 
•encamped  and  partly  billeted  at  this  place.  We 
crossed  the  river  in  small  boats  (canoes);  thence 
to    Chambly   where  I    succeeded   in    finding  his 


'Of  this  General,  one  of  the  best  offi- 
cer?, as  regards  kindness,  justice  and 
ability,  the  British  Government  ever  had, 
Riedrsel,  in  a  letter  to  his  wife,  gives  a 
peculiar  picture.  "  In  order,"  he  writc's 
to  get  an  idea  of  his  personal  appearance, 
imagine    the   Abbot     Jerusalem.       The 


figure,  face,  walk  and  sound  of  his  voice 
arejust  like  the  Abbot's  and  had  he  the 
black  suit  and  wig,  one  could  not  iliscern 
the  least  ditference."  For  an  elaborate 
sketch  of  Carleton,  See  Ji'uilJcn's  yournal^ 
(a  v.ork  much  quoted  and  deservedly)  and 
Sir  John  "Johmoni  Orderly  Book. 


\i 


i    sji  i 

i* 

m\ 

ii 

i  1 

■^ 

1 

I2 

»  ■ 

Kl 

1 1 

H 

\ 

1 

J; 

1 

I: 


64 


PJUSCITS  JOURNAL. 


Excellency.  Thence  I  went  to  La  Prairie  to  call 
upon  Col.  von  Gall,'  three  leagues  from  Cham- 
bly.  Major  General  von  Riedesel  with  his 
Regiment  of  Infantry  and  a  Battalion  of  Grena- 
diers, were  also  stationed  there.  These  troops, 
however,  were  posted  far  apart  and  scattered.* 

30th.  It  was  12  o'clock  when  I  arrived  there; 
and  early  in  the  morning  I  reported  to  Col.  von 
Gall  who  conducted  me  to  Gen.  von  Riedesel. 
With  these  gentleman  I  spent  the  entire  day. 

31st.  At  6  in  the  morning,  I  started  for  the 
River  St.  Lawrence;  crossed  it  to  Montreal; 
then  back  again  to  Three  Rivers  (traveling  all 
night)  where  I  arrived  at  half  past  eight  o'clock 
on  the  morning  of  the  ist  of  September. 

September  ist.  While  at  Chambly,  I  received 
orders  to  await,  with  my  men,  the  arrival  of  our 
cannon,  and  also  the  whole  of  their  accoutre- 
ments, which  were  in  the  other  ships  with  the 
fleet.  For  this  purpose,  we  were  to  remain  at 
Three  Rivers  ;  but  upon  arriving  there,  I  found 
awaiting  me  an  order  to  hasten  to  Chambly  in* 
small  boats  —  a  great  number  of  which  had 
already  been  made  of  pine.  Leaving  behind  a 
detachment,  consisting  of  Lieut.  Dufais,  2  Bom- 
badiers,  i  drummer,   10  artillery-men,    i  wagon- 

'The  commander  of  the  Hesse-Hanau         "Regarding  the  extent  of  territory  oc- 
Regiment.  cupied  by  the  German  and  English  troops, 

see  note  in  advance  under  November. 


! 


PyibSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


6s 


maker,  5  mechanics,  and  6  horsemen  for  artillery, 
and  also  i  foreman  for  the  latter,  I  arrived  at 
Chambly.  But  I  secured  the  above  mentioned 
boats  eleven  hours  too  late  according  to  my 
orders. 

2d.  It  was  then  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon. 
I  began  the  embarcation  immediately,  and,  with 
all  possible  speed,  sailed  up  the  river."  For 
pilots  we  had  on  each  boat  a  Canadian.  There 
were  eight  boats.  My  men  had  to  do  the  row- 
ing. It  made  no  difference  whether  they  under- 
stood rowing  or  not.  At  first,  they  made  bad 
work  with  it  ;  but  after  a  while  they  rowed 
nicely.  My  orders  were  to  stay  at  Berthier  the 
first  night,  and  above  Sorel,  the  second  ;  but  this 
was  entirely  impossible.  I  was  obliged  to  sail 
all  night  ;  and  by  the  time  the  moon  rose,  I  was 
on  the  Lake,  St.  Peter ;  and  had  **  knocked " 
around  in  the  boats  for  two  hours  between 
Mastriche  and  the  River  de  Loup.  At  12  P.  M. 
we  started  once  more ;  and  keeping  on  nearly 
all  day  we  arrived  there  at  half  past  two. 

3d.  Here  were  encamped  also,  that  portion  of 
the  34th  English  Regiment  which  was  not  de- 
tached. 


'  This    river  had    various    names.     It     and  St.  John's  river. 
was  called  the  Sorel,  Chambly,  Richelieu 


( 


11 


' 


!    « 


l< 


11 


V    f 


66 


PJVSCH\S  JOURNAL 


The  Cominiiiulcr  of  tliis  Regiment,  Col.  St. 
Lcsj;cr',  entertaincil  niysclt  iiml  inv  two  ollicers 
•all  liav.  11  is  www  nuulc  room  ior  mv  men  in  ii 
barn,  where  thev  all  spent  (he  night  —  a  fact 
worth  knowing  by  all  the  English  ami  (Termans 
in  C^inada,  Myself,  ollicers  antl  men  were 
trcateil  with  much  respect  and  hienilliness  by 
the  above  mentioncil  Reiiiment.' 

4lh.  \'ery  early  in  the  n^orning  I  gave  the 
order  to  start,  and  arrived  at  j  in  the  evening,  or 
about  dusk,  at  St.  Antoinc.  Here  my  men  got 
a  barn  tor  the  night  ;  the  olHcers  and  myselt 
going  to  the  adjoining  dwelling-lu>us(.\  We 
were  received  by  the  people   here  in  a  polite  and 

triendly     manner.       lu'erv     thino wo     matter 

what  -  had  to  be  well  paid  ior,  and  in  casli, 
that  the  people  of  this  province  might  be  kept 
in  good  humor.  For  this  reason,  up  to  the  5th, 
1  laid  ii-*  on  board  our  batteaux  a  i»;ood  sttK'k  of 
cold  meats  and  other  ship  priwisions  —  so  that 
the  (Tcrmans,  at  least,   might  not  want 

ijih.  \n  hour  before  daybreak,  I  started  again, 
and  arrived  at  3  V.  M.,  at  the  Knglisii  camp  at 
Chambly.  All  the  artillery  of  the  army  in 
Canada  is  under  the  command  o(  Maj.  CJen. 
Phillips  ;   consequently,  I,  too,  together  with   my 


'  For  a    sketch  i.ii  St.    l.t'gei,  stiii    tlie  '  l.oi\i  (jroigr    Gnniain,  in  .1  lettoi'  to 

chief  pcisi  iU(.es  mentioned  in  the  'J^uf-  Catlcton,  iLitCvi  at  Whldh.il!,  26  Maich, 
»;<;.',  see  "  Sit  John  Johnson's  (trJeily  I -7-,  liirects  that  342  li.inau-Ch.isseiirs 
Book."  he  put  under  St.    l.egcr  tor  hi^i  expedition 

ag.iinst  Fort  St.inwix. 


i 


pjtfscfrs  joviiN/ii. 


cotiip;iny, 


l>cl( 


()\\\\  ncrc  in 


tl 


ic 


amc  raiTin 


r,7 
Ac- 


(■oi'iliM;;ly,  I  sent  torwaid  the  cannonicr,  ICri^cl- 
liard,  with  fhc  letter  I  had  with  me,  to  our 
former    colonel    (now    Mri|;;a(Ji(M-    (/etieral)    who, 


ith 


with    my    eannonier,    was    to    provide    ns    wi 
(juartcrs  in  the  cam[)  already  laid  ont. 

As  we  liail  arrived  here   without  suitahle  con- 


veniences tor  encamping- — everything  ot  this 
nature  being  still  on  board  the  ship  — Col,  von 
(tall  lent  us  thirty  tents  for  the  privates  and    ub- 


ilterns. 


I 


also   received 


rom 


M 


aior 


W 


liliams 


(commanding  in  the  absence  ol  (ien,  l^hilli|)s) 
two  new  and  very  serviceable  tents,  together 
witli  ;dl  their  paraphanalia,  lor  the  use  of  tfie 
odiccrs  ;   also,  fourteen  new  field  kettles  of"  white 


tin. 


Ii 


1^ 


n  lad,  respect  and  friendsjin)  are  shown  to 


Ish 


'P 


us  all  down  even  to  the  humblest  man  — a  circum- 
stance which  I  never  imagined  would  be  the 
case.  With  the  exception  of  not  understanding 
the  language,  j  we  get  on  nicely  |  ;  but  by  reason 
o\    this  circumstance,    we  aie   amf>ni^   this  peoijlc 


lil 


<e  a 


Peli 


tl 


lean  111  the  wilderness 


Id. 


peop 


6ih.  I  was  unable,  until  today,  to  see  Colonel 
and  Brigadier  (ieneral  von  (iail,  as,  before  my 
arrival  yesterday,  he  marched,  with  his  Regi- 
meiu,  frt)m  l^a  I'rairie  toward  St.  Johns,  at 
wdiicb  place  he  is  to  encamp.  It  is  said  that  the 
Rebels   show  a  disposition  to    move  towards  that 


( 


It 


f  • 


1's.ilin  I02  :  7. 


!/' 


i| 


t 


1^ 


i  ■'■ 


68 


P.WSCH'S  JOURMAL. 


Post.  Almost  the  entire  head-quarters  of  the 
army  were  here  yesterday  and  again  today  ;  and 
since  yesterday,  the  Regiments  in  this  vicinity 
have  moved  up  the  river  near  Chamhlv  and  are 
concentrating.  I  have  just  this  moment  received 
orders  to  do  guard  duty  alternately  with  the 
English  artillery. 

7th.  My  otficers  and  myself  today  were  in- 
vited to  dine  with  Lieut.  Cjen.  Carleton, 

8th.  This  afternoon,  I  received  orders  to  send 
forward  two  detachments — each  with  an  offi- 
cer—  one  to  serve  four  6  pounders  at  St.  Johns 
with  our  Brunswick  Grenadier  Battalion — the 
other  to  serve  four  6  pounders  with  the  Regi- 
ment \ov\  Riedesel.  One  marched  at  7  o'clock, 
the  other  at  9  o'clock,  to  their  destination. 
Lieutenant  Bach  goes  to  the  Grenadier  Battalion, 
and  Spangenburg  to  Gen.  Riedesel  at  La  Prairie. 
I,  alone,  with  one  third  oi  the  (Company,  remain 
in  camp  near  Chambly. 

Detail. 

The  Hesse- Hanau  Artillery  Company  are 
divided  among  the  army  in  the  following  man- 
ner : 


■mm 


PAUSCH'S  yOURNJL. 


69 


•S 


a-i 


a 
w    -I 


c 
o 


M 

1. 
(D 

a     01      fn 
•^   -=.    -C 

-^      C      eg     '»      '-' 


U     .M     (N  m   c>T_Q_CJ   •?►  .'f   rr 


C      ry)      >-- 

o    u     <u  _^ 
^  X  h 


n,  camp 
at  Chamhly 
Three  Rivers 
La  Prairie 
St.  J.>hns 
Total 


We  are  all  well  except  a  Cannonier  who  is 
sick  with  the  scurvy  at  Three  Rivers.  His 
name  is  Pulffer  ;  and  he  is  now  in  a  fair  way  of 
recovery.  '' 

Addenda. 

8th.   The   Regiments    are    gradually   drawinij 
nearer  together;  and  some  of  them  are  advancing 
closer  to   bt.   Johns.     Those  of  the  boats  which 
are  completed  and  were  on  the  river  have  mostly 
been  transported  toward  Lake  Champlain,  which 
Lake  IS  still    HI    possession  of  both  parties      We 
have  two  frigates  on  the  Lake;  and  from  ^11  ap- 
pearances,    there  will  be  a  demonstration   against 
1      without   waiting    for    the   arrival    of  the  two 
thousand   J3runswick   troops,    which    left  at    the 

'  Or  literally,  '.  Artillery  Servants."  .  ,.  ,.  Por  it,  possession. 


,(• 


fir 


7^11 


i; 


.., 


li 


' 


yo 


r.nfscirs  jovRS.n. 


s.inio  time  ;\s  I  iliil,  .mil  ,\vc  dcstiiKnl  to  ;u  f  with 
U8.  The  Rebels  .uc  said  to  he  slroni;ly  eii- 
trciieheil  on  tlie  othei-  side  |end|  ol  (he  I,;ikc 
amoiii;  the  mviuiitains,  and  Irom  Ooo  to  looo 
Sava<jes  are  said  to  lorm  tlu*  attaekiin'  loree  oK 
the  right  witii;.  Wo  are  all  (M1  loot  ;  and  I  am 
sonv  to^av  that  I,  also,  am  in  llu>  same  lix.  VVc 
cannot  >;et  a  two  wheeled  ealash'  —for  whieh, 
too,  we  have  to  pay  <>ne  shillini;  an  honr  \vili\- 
out  trouble  .\\\\\  askini;  permission  ol"  one  or 
another  general.  VW'  even  have  to  jtay  out  ol" 
onr  own  poeket.  the  ahvu'e  price  per  hour  lor 
the  small  carts  ol  the  peasants  \m  \v  hich  to  trans- 
port (he  i.\>mpanv's  baggage,  clothing  and  other 
necessary  articles.  This  expense  1  hope  his 
Majesty,  the  King,  will  most  graciously  consent 
to  make  up  to  our  C\impany  ;   tor    w  c  cannot,  as 


'  "Tin-  e.»l.isli,"s.>5s  WeW,  wiiiing  of" 
liis  ti.wcis  in  e.ii».>d,>  in  1795,  "  is  ,1 
carriage  very  j^ener.illy  used  in  Lower 
l^AnjtvU  ;  ihou-  is  scarcely  a  ("inn\iM'  in- 
ocpii  in  the  country  who  diH*s  not  possc>s 
one  :  it  is  ^  sort  ol"  one  lioi-se  sh.iy, 
cipahlo  ot'holiiini;  iw  ■  people  he.vi.les  the 
.iriver,  who  sit»  on  .1  kin>l  ot  box  pl.Kc.l 
on  the  toot-boitJ  rxr'vssly  for  hisaccont- 
nuHiation.  The  bovly  ot"  the  oLish  is 
hung  upon  bi\>.ii1  straps  ot"  leather,  ioui\\i 
iu-i\  rollers  that  aic  place»i  beliiiui,  by 
means  ot"  which  thev  arc  shoitenevi  i>r 
Ici^gthened.  On  each  si>ie  ot'  the  car- 
riajic  is  a  liltlt'  Joor  about  two  teet  hi^h, 
whciebv  voii  enter  it,  iwA  which  is 
uietul  when  shut  in  preventing  anuhin^ 
from  slipping  out.  Fhe  harness  tor  the 
horse  is  always  made  in  the  old  Kreiieh 
t.i-te,    extvemelv     htavv  :     it    is    studded 


wiili  brass  nail  ,  ai\d  to  p.iiliiulai  parts 
ot  ii  are  alta>  hrd  small  bells,  ol  nn  use 
that  I  nHild  ci.r  discern  luil  to  .miioy 
the  passeii.;eu'. 

Mis.  Riedesel,  also,  spe.iluiij;  ot  ri.im^ 
in  .1  calash,  gives  hei  anuisinj;  expeiicnce 
with  the  diiver  ot  one  ot'  them  "  'riie 
t.'.in.>di,ins  ai,'  .  eilaslingly  t.ilking  to 
tlirir  iu'ises,  aiui  giving  them  all  Kinds 
of' nanus.  i  li.i  ,  when  lliey  were  nut 
either  lashing  liieir  hordes  or  singing, 
tiu'Y  cried,  '.■.'■.  -.-i  r:  I!  I'';:,.  !  /',  ,v; 
m.t;  iufiitiii  !  viftcner  howiver,  (hey 
said,  *  Fi,  ./•..,  .1.'  ...;,",■.  "  I  tiioUj;li't 
tliai  this  last  v\a,-  ..■.signed  lor  nie,  an<l 
.i.-kcd  '  l\,iltii ;  '  '  Dh,"  replied  the 
J'ivei,  '  ,c  n'rst  ywc  mnii  ,hfi\il,  la  pttne 
,...-/      "     •  It  is  only  the  little  jade,  my 

ilvMSC. 


*r*-.. 


I'Aiiscirs  youKN.ii. 


7 


ycM,  toll  wlicdu'i  our  mciU)s,  iii<  liidiii;';  llii-  money 


lo|-  our  rations,  will,  oi    will  not  Ix:  stiHiciciil 


llii 


I- 


or 


consK 


tl 
Icriiti 


K-sc  several    reasons 


I 


canno 


t   tak 


e    111(0 


(li 


(I 


ion  Ihosf'  tlim^';s  wtin  11 


)() 


and  arc 


csscnlial    to,    |)ositi()ij;    nor,    (ai!  I  lorni    an    idea, 
until    it(){.\    leads    me    there    on    fool, 


w'lei'c    we 


shall  all  meet  to;'^ether   lor  action.      'I'hi:   state  ol 


illiiirs    will  cerliiinly  m.dci;    (am|);!i|^n' 


h 


.u(  i)  a! 


no  man,    since    the    existence  ol 


II 


essian    troops 


has  ever  witnessed  in  this  world  !  Accordinj^  to 
an  old  history  hy  a  certain  Italian  Kin;^  and 
Cam|)aii;ner,  the  llcssian  lioops  had,  ^^Mierally, 
one    ass    for    llic    ha',';^age    of    two    officers;     hut 


I 


am    ve 


■y 


inucli     a!rai( 


nil      the     I'JiL'lish 


prophesy  the  same  thing        th.it  in  a  short    time, 
icer  will  have  to  gird  a  saddle  on  his  own 


eac 


h  ofli 


aciv  anil  cany  ins  own  Daggage  : 

9th.   This  atternoon,  Maj.  (»en.  IMiillips,  chief 
i    the  entire  Koyrd  Arlilleiy  in  America,  arrived 
at  ChaiDhly  from  St.    Johns.      'I  his  was    the  first 
oj>portunity   I  had  had  o\  seeing  and  calling  upon 


o 


iim  :   on  w 


1  id 


1   occasion    ne   assured   mc   o 


d    h 


is 


hearty    gooc'    will    and    Iriendly    feeling    for   my 


e    remained    m   (ami)    in 


er 


Company.  We 
quarters  with  1 
Hence  we  were  never  with  the  Regiment  except 


lis    men   and    unc 


V 
der    1 


Wint 
1( 


lis    orders 


{ 


i  i; 


in 


'  I'austli,    who  SL'ifii:,  t  1  luvc    been  nut  Thf    lohlicrR  used  to    pun  on  it  ccniider- 

witliout    humor,  ni.iy,   also,  have  bad  in  ably.     This  f.ict  was  told   mc  by   an  old 

hill  'uiiui    the  last    two  syllables  of    Gen.  offi-.er  in    Germany    who  knew   so-ne  of 

Ricdfjt7'i    naiiit  —  "  ad  "   an  "  asB." —  the  otticcra  who  served  under  RicdCiCl. 


M^         ^ 


11 


72 


PAUSCtrS  JO  URNAL. 


when  it  was  necessary.  I  ordered  Lieut.  Dufais 
to  come  at  once,  with  the  greater  part  of  his 
command,  from  Three  Rivers  to  our  Camp, 
leaving  behind  a  small  detachment  to  await  the 
arrival  of  the  vessel  containing  our  artillery. 
This  detachment  was  then  to  follow. 

Accordingly,  I  ordered  the  Lieutenant  to 
leave  the  Artillery-man  Encke  in  charge  of  the 
detachment  which  remained  behind,  on  account 
of  his  knowledge  of  the  French  language  ;  also, 
only  two  cannoniers  with  six  artillery  servants. 

This  afternoon,  at  5  o'clock,  I  practised  with 
the  English  Cannoniers  firing  with  English  can- 
non, and  in  the  English  fashion.  It  went  off 
very  well ;  and  our  firing  was  greatly  admired 
by  ihe  English  officers,  for,  with  the  exception  of 
practising  yesterday  afternoon  and  this  morning, 
this  was  the  only  time  we  had  yet  done  so. 
Taking  all  these  circumstances  into  account,  I 
am  led  to  prophesy  good  things  and  hope  and 
imagine  that,  so  far  as  I  and  my  Company  are 
concerned,  we  will  give  a  good  account  of  our- 
selves when  the  time  comes.  Yet  I  do  wish  most 
sincerely  that  I  had  my  own  cannons,  and  par- 
ticularly my  igniters'  and  wipers. 

22d.   From   this  time  up   to    the    22d,    I    re- 
mained here  in    camp.      We  were    supplied   the 

« ^uiclc  match-tubei. 


PJUSCfrs  JOVRNAL. 


73 


same  in   every   respect   as   the   Artillery    of  the 
King,  having  fresh  meat  and  very  good  bread. 

Each  day  we  continued  our  practising  with 
iinglish  cannon  and  in  the  English  fashion;  and 
my  men  being  ambitious  soon  learned  the  Eng- 
lish way  of  firing.  ° 

The  following  order   was  received   by  me  on 
the  last  mentioned  day,  viz  :   the  22d.     It  is  from 
Maj    Gen.    Philips,  and   it   is  dated,   Sept.    22d 
1776,  ^  ' 

Order. 

"Captain  Pausch  will  encamp  with  the  rest  of 
his  Company  at  the  Post  beyond  the  Brunswick 
urenadiers  near  St.  Johns. 

"Bloomfield' 
''Major  the  Artillery  Brigade." 

25th.  This  order  was  executed  by  me  at  once 
on  the  following  day  when  I  met  [at  my  new 
postj  Lieuts.  Spangenberg  and  Bach,  with  four 
and  six  pound  cannon.  Thesel  took  with  me 
mto    camp    and    practised     with     my    company 


Maj.  of  brigade  to  Qzr-..  Phillips.      He 
10 


I 


iii    U 


nil 

1  I  « ? 


i-i';. 


I 


1 


ft ! 


il 


r     !■ 


74- 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


28th.  I  received  the  following  order  from 
Maj.  Gen.  Phillips,  through  the  Brigadier 
General. 

Order. 

"St.  Johns,  28M  Sept.,  1776. 

"Capt.  Michelson'  will  embark  the  Companies 
of  Maj.  Williams  and  of  Capt.  Carter,  in  the 
Radeau  with  the  29tb  Regiment  in  addition,  ex- 
cept the  followin^i;  numbers,  viz  : 

Subalterns  Privates 
Of  the  Co.  of  Maj.  Williams,      -     4  25 

Capt.  Carter  -         -         -         4  25 

Those  in   addition     -  -         -  ^q 


Total 


8 


80 


**There  must  also  embark  on  the  Radeau,  the 
Company  of  the  Hessian  Artillery  except  a  de- 
tachment of  one  Subaltern  and  thirty  men  who 
will  remain.  The  men  must  have  their  boots 
nicely  arranged  ;  and  afterwards  they  will  imme- 
diately put  their  cannon  in  position  and  exercise 
daily  in  the  mornings  and  afternoons.  They 
will,  also,  pay  the  greatest  attention,  so  as  to  ac- 
quire the  cannon  exercise  as  soon  as  possible  and 
in  the  most  perfect  manner.     The  British  and 

'Mitchelson.  This  officer  did  not  1777.  For  slietches  of  Mitchelson,  Wil- 
live  to  see  the  result  ot  Burgoyne's  cam-  liams  and  Carter,  See  Roger's  notes  to 
paign,   as    he   died  early  the   next  year,     Hadden. 


%      ,--^. 


'il 


PyiUSCH'S  JOVRNAL. 


75 


Hessian  artillery  with  the  additionals"  will  he  di- 
vided ^mong  the  cannons  and  howitzers  except  the 
two  12  pounders  which  will  he  placed  one  on  the 
prow  and  the  other  on  the  stern.  These  latter 
will  he  served  by  the  Hessians,  and  will  be 
under  the  charge  of  Capt.  Pausch,  and  his  two 
suoalterns  ;   ten  privates  to  each  cannon. 

"The  officers   For  the  Radeaii^  will  be  the  fol- 
lowing, viz  :    Maj.  Williams   and  adjutant,  Capt 
Carter,    Captains    Michelson    [Mitchelsonl    and 
Hermann      Lieutenants     Houghton'    and    Cass 
\yith  the  three  newly  appointed  Lieutenants,  and 
the  subalterns  of  the  29th. 

"Also  Capt.  Pausch  and   two  of  his  subalterns 
whom  he  may  designate  for  that  purpose. 

"There  will  also  be  embarked  one  detachment 
from  the  29th  Regiment  who  are  to  act  as 
Marines.  The  officers  shou.d  know  that  in  the 
present  condition  of  affairs  they  should  not  en- 
cumber themselves  with  much  baggage  or  many 
traps.         Ihe    service    will  be  severe;     but   the 


■  The  29th  Regiment. 

=  '|Tlie  Radfiiu  (nanica  'The  Thun- 
derer') was  an  unii]uc  structure  whicli  is 
olten  n-.entioned  in  the  naval  annals  of 
the  northern  lakes.  It  was  square  built 
and  scarcely  more  than  a  rait  w  floating 
battery,  but  constructed  with  great  solidity 
and  strength.  It  was  protected  only  bv 
low  and  slight  bulwarks,  but  armed  witl'i 
the  heaviest  ordnance  j  and    was  a  power- 


ful .'.nd  effective  craft."      It  carried 


men. 


300 


'  William  Houghton  was  at  this  time 
fire-master,  having  been  appointed  to 
that  position  the  previous  July.  The 
duties  of  this  oliice,  says  Gen.  Rogers, 
was  to  attend  to  f/u'  making  uf.  .>/ all  kinds 
ot  nnimunition  ;  whether  for  practice  or 
service;   and  if  there  was  a  laboratory   he 


had 

for  all  tools  and  materials  used  th 


»arge    of  it,  and   was    accounial 


I 


;^     '^ 


\\\    I 


-11  i 

■'i  i 


■'  if     i 

{  1 

i  : 

i  1 1  If 

T 


n 


i 


76 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL, 


Major  General  has  the  greatest  confidence  that 
the  Corps  will  maintain  their  honor,  and  at  the 
same  time,  the  dignity  of  their  respective  com- 
mands ;  and  that  they  will  act  with  the  greatest 
zeal  and  courage  while  in  the  service  of  His 
Majesty. 

"  Bloomfield, 

'' Major  of  Brigaded 

"  Major  General  Phillips  will  issue  the  order 
designating  the  time  of  the  embarcation  :  mean- 
while, Capt.  Pausch  will  have  the  goodness  to 
give  out  provisions  for  two  days,  at  the  same  time, 
stating  what  the  men  shall  take  with  them  when 
they  embark. 

"Bloomfield'* 

I  carried  out  the  above  order  the  same  day, 
and,  embarking  in  small  batteaux,  reached  the 
Radeau  the  same  evenmg.  I  found  it  already 
crowded  with  men,  so  that  there  was  room 
for  no  more.  All  the  Englishmen,  on  account  of 
this  overcrowding  were  unpleasant  companions. 
There  was  no  room  even  for  our  baggage.  Ac- 
cordingly. I  sent  it  all  back,  the  same  evening, 
to  Montreal  in  a  wagon  accompanied  by  the  head 
hostler.  I,  also,  in  fact,  sent  all  the  hostlers  with 
the  cannonier,  Bauer,  back  to  Montreal,  with  in- 
structions to  remain  there  until  further  orders. 
As  it  rained  very  hard,  I  was  obliged  (in   order 


'!|S-«\ 


ih      ' 


PJUSCH'S  yOURNJL. 


V      A 


77 


that  some  of  my  men  might  have  rest  and  be 
dry)  to  station  on  deck  a  strong  guard  which 
was  relieved  alternately. 

^f^'  ^}^^  following  day,  an  arrangement  was 
rnade  by  the  Captain  in  command,  whereby  all 
those  on  duty  were  relieved  in  regular  order  To 
facihtate  this  arrangement,  I  always  not  only 
furnished  an  officer,  but  often  took  his  place  at 
night,  in  order  that   he   might    enjoy   a   night's 

There  being  no  wind  at  this  time,  the  Radeau 
had  to  be  drawn  ahead  by  the  men  in  this  way  viz- 
a  heavy  anchor  was  sent  far  in  advance  in  boats 
and  lowered  into  the  Lake.  A  strong  rope  was 
then  put  through  rings  and  pullies ;  and  thus,  the 
Kadeau  was  moved  ahead.  This  worked  splen- 
didly, especially  if  the  wind  was  not  unfavorable. 
The  Radeau,  at  the  same  time,  formed  the 
headquarters  of  the  ammunition  and  provisions. 

October  ist.  I  only  remained  here  till  the  ist 
of  October,  when  '  I  received  the  following 
Order  from  Bloomiield  . 


Order 

'*Sf.  Johns,  Oct.  1st. 
"The   Radeau  not  having   sufficient    room    to 
contain  all  the  people  that  are  on  her,  the  men 


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78 


PJUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


will  disembark   on  the  Isle  aux  Noix\    and  re- 
remain  there  until  receiving  a  new  order. 

"Capt.  Michelson  [Mitchelson]  will  likewise 
encamp  with  his  detachmeut  upon  the  Isle  aux 
Noix  (during  the  time  that  the  Radeau  remains 
there)  placing  on  board  one  officer.  To  the 
Artillery  will  be  assigned  eight  batteaux  which 
will  accompany  the  Radeau  for  the  purpose  of 
carrying  their  baggage.  These  batteaux  will 
each  have  a  guard  of  two  men  of  the  29th  Regi- 
ment, and  one  Canadian  as  a  pilot.  The  De- 
tachment of  the  29th  Regiment,  acting  as 
Marines,  will  likewise  have  four  batteaux  for 
their  baggage. 

"  Bloomfield." 


"The  Major  General  has  appointed  Mr.  Harow 
Superintendent  of  the  Sailors  in  the  armed  bat- 
teaux ;  and  they  will  be  under  his  command, 
and  obey  his  orders. 

"Two  batteaux,  with  the  two  cannon  and  their 
ammunition  for  the  Hessian  artillery,  will  be 
under  the  orders  of  Capt.  Pausch. 

"Br 


'  A  small   island    in   the    River  Sorel,  the  River  St.   Lawrence.     The  early  ex- 
nine  miles   from  St,    Johns.     It  is    well  plorers  Found  on  the  Island  an  abundance 
fortified  and   commands    the    intercourse  of  walnuts,  hence  the  name, 
by  water   between  Lake   Champlain  and 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


79 


7th.  8th.  But  they   did  not  arrive  on   the  7th, 
but  on  the  afternoon  of  the  8th.     We  were  all  in 
readiness  to   embark;  and,   in  the  course  of  an 
hour,  Lieut.   Dufais  and  myself  started  with  two 
baggage-boats.     Before   starting  I    provided   my 
detachment  with  fourteen    day's  provisions,  con- 
sisting of  Zweibach\  salt  meat,  etc.      I  was,  how- 
ever, obliged  to  leave  behind,  Lieut.  Bach,  3  sub- 
alterns, I  drummer,   and    22  privates,   for  nearly 
all    of    them    were    sick    with    the    dysentery. 
Lieut.    Bach,  whose    conduct    and    zeal    in   the 
service  were  of  the  right  metal,  requested  per- 
mission to  accompany  us  ;  but  I  could  not  grant 
his   request,  for   he  was   really  very  ill  with  that 
complaint,   which   fact  he  sought  to  hide   from 
me.     There   was  on  this   Island   before   we  ar- 
rived, an  English  artillery  Captain,  named  Jones, 
who  pretended  that  the  command  of  the  artillery 
had  been  given  to  him.     Unfortunately,  however, 
for  his  pretensions,  at  the  time  he  said  he  bad  re- 
ceived the  command,  he  was  crossing  the  Equa- 
tor on    his    way    to    the    East     Indies.^     Lieut : 
Spangenburg  remained  behind  at  this  place  with 
a  detachment  and   baggage-boat,   to  wait  for  the 
arrival  from  St.  Johns  of  an  armed  batteau  which 
was   expected.     For    this  reason    he  was  left  be- 


'Burricd  or  toasted  I  iscuit  ;  a  very 
favorite  article  uf  food  witii  the  Germans 
even  at  the  present  day. 

*  Pausch,  who  evidently  tries  in  general 
to  be  just,  allows  his  prejudices  to  prevail 


in  speaking  uf  this  officer,  who  was  one 
of  the  must  mcritoricius  in  the  British 
service.  Rogers,  in  his  HaJJcii's  yuuriial 
thus  speaits  of  him. 

"  Thomas    Jones    entered    the    Royal 
Military    Academy    at    Woolwich  as    a 


I 


}     4 


1 


i  I 


^••■'ftv] 


80 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


i  i: 
I  i', 
I  '1 

I  I 

■ 


hind.  I  left  with  him  the  order,  as  soon  as 
the  batteau  arrived,  to  sail  at  once  without  delay, 
be  it  day  time  or  night  time,  and  at  any  time 
he  pleased  :  also,  if  there  were  no  wind,  then 
to  row.  This  order  he  carried  out  with  the 
greatest  accuracy. 

On  the  7th  the  following  note  was  written  me 
from  St.  John's. 

"  A  batteau  with  one  piece  of  cannon  to- 
gether with  its  munitions  and  equipage,  for  the 
Hessian  Artillery,  under  the  order  of  Captain 
Pausch,  [will  be  sent  forward]  " 


gentleman  cadet,  March  18,  1755,  and 
was  commissioned  a  lieut.-fireworker  in 
the  Royal  Artillery  Dec.  ay,  1755  ;  a  ad 
lieut.  April  2,  1757;  a  1st  lieut.  Jan. 
*»  '759  >  *  capt. -lieutenant  Oct.  23, 
1761  ;  and  a  capt.  Jan.  i,  1771.  He 
served  in  the  ist  Battalion  until  he  got 
a  company,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
the  4th  Battalion.  He  took  part  in  the 
siege  of  Belleisle  on  the  coast  of  France 
in  1761,  and  proceeded  with  his  battalion 
to  America  in  177J.  He  was  stationed 
n  Canada  in  1775,  so  that  he  was  in 
America  long  prior  to  the  arrival  of  the 
artillery  detachment  that  was  sent  out  in 
the  spring  of  1776.  The  artillery  present 
at  Quebec  at  the  time  of  Montgomery's 
attack,  and  during  the  subsequent  siege  of 
the  town  by  Arnold,  belonged  to  No.  3 
Company,  4.th  Battalion,  but  they  were 
very  few  in  number.  They  were  under 
.  the  command  of  Capt.  Jones,  whose  ser- 
vices on  the  occasion  received  the  high- 
est praise.  In  the  operations  to  expel 
the  Americans  from  Canada  in  1776, 
Capt.  Jones  took  an  active  part  and  was  at- 
tached to  the  right  wing  of  the  army.  In 
the  autumn  of  that  year  he  returned  to 


England,  and  on  the  31st  of  the  follow- 
ing January  was  married  to  a  Miss  Ibbet- 
son,  of  Greenwich,  at  St.  James  Church, 
Piccadilly,  London.  He  returned  to 
Canada  in  the  spring  of  1777,  arriving  at 
Quebec  early  in  June  with  a  company  of 
artillery,  and  that  year  participated  in 
Burgoyne's  campaign  on  which  he  was 
attached  to  Gen.  Hamilton's  Brigade  in 
the  right  wing  of  the  army.  Lieut. 
Hadden  was  attached  to  his  company  and 
has  given  us  post  an  interesting  account 
of  the  almost  complete  annihilation  of 
Capt.  Jones'  company,  and  of  the  cap- 
tain's death  at  Freeman's  Farm,  Sept.  1 9. 
Stedman  in  his  'History  of  the  American 
War,'  in  speaking  of  the  artillery  in  "that 
engagement,  says, —  'The  intrepidity  of 
Capt.  Jones  of  the  British  artillery,  who 
fell  in  this  action,  was  particularly  dis- 
tinguished.' Lieut.-Col  Kingston,  Bur- 
goyne's adjutant-general,  in  testifying 
before  a  committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  speaks  of  Capt,  Jonei  as  "  a 
very  gallant  man,'  and  Gens.  Burgoyne 
and  Phillips,  in  their  reports,  give  iiim 
conspicuous  mention." 


PyfUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


8i 


But  this  note,  with  the  expected  batteau,  did 
not  arrive  at  the  Isle  aux  Noix  until  as  late  as  the 
loth.  Under  it,  Capt.  Jones,  commander  of  the 
artillery,  had  written  as  follows  : 

"  Mr.  Spangenburg,  Lieutenant,  will  set  off 
for  the  army  with  this  batteau  with  as  much  ex- 
pedition as  possible. 

"  Given  at  the  Isle  aux  Noix,  loth  Oct.  1776,  at 
9  o'  clock  in  the  morning. 

"  Thos.  Jones,  Capt  Br.  Arr 

A  few  days  later,  Lieut.  Spangenburg  arrived 
at  Crown-Point,  bringing  with  him  two  of  my 
missing  batteaux  containing  equipage  and  provi- 
sions, and  also  ten  Hauau  soldiers.  The  third 
one,  commanded  by  Bombadier  Wachter,  was 
still  missing. 

The  Radeau,  under  a  favorable  wind,  made 
such  good  head-way  that  I  was  unable  to  catch 
up  with  it.' 

I  should  have  said  that  on  the  9th  I  reached 
after  dark  River  la  Cole,  where  I  met  His  Ex- 
cellency, Gen.  Burgoyne,  with  an  English 
Brigade  of  Infantry,  to  whom  I  reported  and 
also  delivered  letters. 


It 

PS 


■a 


li  f ' 


'  See  note  on  Thos  Jonei,  antt.  once  sailed  under  a  favorable  wind,  from 

Crown-Point  to  hit  aux  Noix  (90inilei) 
■  The  Radeau,  we  are  told  by  Hadden,     in  9  hours. 

II 


i 


1. 


\ 


il 


i  , 


82 


PJUSCH\S  JOURNAL. 


loth.  From  this  place  I  started  before  day- 
break, and  reached  the  Radeau  at  a  Point'  far 
beyond  Point  au  Feu  in  the  real  Lake  Cham- 
plain. 

ilth.  We  raised  our  anchor,  and,  with  favor- 
able wind,  got  very  early  under  sail.  At  5 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  we  received  orders  to 
get  in  readiness  for  an  engagement.  About  half 
after  ten,  we  heard  the  sound  of  artillery ;  and 
soon  after,  under  a  splendid  and  auspicious  wind, 
all  the  batteaux  met  the  enemy's  ships  in  a  bay 
behind  an  island.  The  first  sight,  encountered 
by  our  advance  guard,  was  a  frigate  of  the  enemy 
stuck  fast  on  a  stone  clitf  or  island  and  abandoned  ; 
and  soon  after  we  saw  two  other  frigates  sending 
forth  a  lively  fire.  Besides  this  they  had  several 
armed  gondolas,  which,  one  after  another, 
emerged  from  a  small  bay  of  the  island  firing 
rapidly  and  effectively.  Every  once  in  a  while 
they  would  vanish  in  order  to  get  breath,  and 
again  suddenly  reappear. 

Our  attack  with  about  27  batteaux  armed  with 
24,  1 2,  and  6  pound  cannon  and  a  few  howitzers 
became  very  fierce ;  and,  after  getting  to  close 
quarters,  very  animated.  But  now  our  frigates 
approached.  One  of  them,  the  **  Maria,"  having 
His  Excellency,  von  Carleton  on  board,  advanced 


Probably  Wind  mill  Point. 


PJUSCH*S  JOURNAL. 


«3 


and  opened  a  lively  cannonade.  This  one  was 
replaced  by  the  frigate  **  Carleton  ;  "  and  as  she 
in  turn  retreated,  the  '*  Inflexible"  took  her  place 
only  to  retreat  as  the  others  had  done.  One  ot  the 
enemy's  frigates  two  of  which  were  at  cchelicr^  or 
rather  at  cchetoriy  one  behind  the  other,  began  to 
careen  over  on  one  side,  but  in  spite  of  this  con- 
tinued her  fire.  The  cannon  of  the  Rebels  were 
well  served  ;  for,  as  I  saw  afterwards,  our  ships 
were  pretty  well  mended  and  patched  up  with 
boards  and  stoppers. 

Close  to  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  this 
naval  battle  began  to  get  very  serious.  Lieut. 
Dufais  came  very  near  perishing  with  all  his 
men  ;  for  a  cannon-ball  from  the  enemy's  guns 
going  through  his  powder  magazine,  it  blew  up. 
He  kept  at  a  long  distance  to  the  right.  The 
sergeant,  who  served  the  cannon  on  my  batteau, 
was  the  first  one  who  saw  the  explosion,  and 
called  my  attention  to  it  as  I  was  takiig  aim 
with  my  cannon.  At  first,  I  could  not  tell  what 
men  were  on  board ;  but  directly,  a  chest  went 
up  into  the  air,  and  after  the  smoke  had  cleared 
away,  I  recognized  the  men  by  the  cords  around 
their  hats.  Dufais's  batteau  came  back  burning; 
and  I  hurried  toward  it  to  save,  if  possible,  the 
Lieutenant  and  his  men,  for,  as  an  additional  mis- 
fortune, the  batteau  was  full  of  water.  All  who 
could,  jumped  on  board  my  batteau,  which  being 


T 


n 


f 


m 


\' 


' 


Sl 


'11^ 


84 


pjuscirs  youRNJL. 


thus  overloaded,  came  near  sinking.'  At  this 
moment,  a  Lieutenant  of  artillery  by  the  name 
of  Smith,  came  with  his  batteau  to  the  rescue, 
and  took  on  board  the  Lieutenant,  Bombadier 
Engell,  and  one  cannonier.  The  remainder  of 
Dufais*s  men,  viz  :  nine  cannoniers  and  nine 
sailors  remained  with  me;  and  these,  added  to 
my  own  force  of  10  cannoniers,  1  drummer,  i 
Sergeant,  1  boy  and  10  sailors  —  in  all  48  per- 
sons—  came  near  upsetting  my  little  boat,  which 
was  so  over-loaded  that  it  could  hardly  move.  In 
what  a  predicament  was  I  ?  Every  moment  I 
was  in  danger  of  drowning  with  all  on  board, 
and  in  the  company,  too,  of  those  I  had  just 
rescued  and  who  had  been  already  half  lost !  It 
being,  by  this  time,  nearly  evening,  the  batteaux 
retired.  The  Radeau  arrived  at  dusk  because, 
although  we  had  a  favorable  wind,  it  was  light, 
and  it  made,  in  consequence,  but  little  headway. 
Any  way,  the  two  4  pounders  did  their  best,  in 
firing  at  the  frigates  of  the  enemy.  The  dis- 
tance, however,  was  too  great,  so  that  no  ball 
was  effective,  and  the  approach  of  night  pre- 
vented our  advancing  nearer.  This  night  a 
chain  was  formed  of  all  the  batteaux ;  and  every 


»  "Of  the  Germans,"  says  Gen.  Riede- 
sel,  "Lieut.  Dufaisofthe  Hesse- Hanau  Ar- 
tillery, distinguished  himself' on  this  occa- 
sion. He  was  in  command  ot"  an  armed 
sloop  carrying  a  12  pounder;  and  although 
he  was  hard  pressed  by  the  enemy,  and  his 
vessel  finally  sunk,  he  yet  fought  so  des- 
perately as  to  succeed  in  laving  his  gun 


and  bringing  it  to  the  vessel  of  Captain 
Pausch.  Two  of  his  men,  however,  were 
(iruvvned,  and  he  barely  escaped  a  similar 
fite."  In  this  connection  see  Gen. 
Kiedesel's  account  of  this  Naval  Battle, 
in  which  he  gives  full  credit  to  the  Hesse 
Hanau  artillery. 


s    i: 


f« 


Pavsch's  journal. 


85 


one  had  to  be  wide  awake  and  on  the  alert. 
The  Captain's  frigate,  which  had  run  aground, 
was  set  on  fire  at  dusk  by  the  orders  of  his  Excel- 
lency ;  and  her  ammunition,  blowing  up,  caused 
a  fine  fire  lasting  all  night.  Up  to  this  time, 
nothing  more  occurred  ;  for  the  enemy's  frigates 
remained  in  the  same  place  where  they  had 
acted  on  the  defensive.  Toward  morning,  how- 
ever, it  was  clear  that  they  had  escaped,  A  pur- 
suit was  begun  and  some  vessels  were  captured. 
Five  large  and  small  vessels,  which  had  entered 
a  bay  on  the  left  shore  were  set  on  fire  and  aban- 
doned by  the  enemy.  The  following  night,  my 
batteau,  together  with  some  other  armed  English 
batteaux,  lost  sight  of  the  fieet  on  the  Lake  ;  and 
we  were  thus  forced  to  continue  rowing  by 
guess-work  the  entire  night,  that  we  might  not 
be  left  behind.  The  next  morning  at  day- 
break, we  were  lucky  enough  to  meet  a  few 
English  vessels  which  had  met  with  the  same 
experience  as  I  had.  Others  followed  in  my 
rear,  so  that  I  arrived  in  time  (ahead  of  some  and 
behind  others)  at  9  o'clock  a.  m.  at  Crown- 
Point.' 

23.  From  this  time  forth,  a  chain  was  formed 
.every  night  across  the  river^  with   the  batteaux 


'  By  comparing  Pausch's  account  of  the 
action  on  Lake  Champlain  with  that  of 
Gen.  Rogers  in  his  Sketch  ot'  Arnold 
in  his  HaJden,  the  reader  will  see  how 
exactly  Pausch  tallies  with  Rogers.  In 
fact,  these  two  accounts  of  this  famous 
action  must  ever,  henceforth,  remain  as 
the  authoritiei  on  this  subject. 


''  Pausch  calls  this  portion  of  Lake 
Champlain  "The  River,"  as  the  Lake  nar- 
rows considerably  at  this  point,  becoming 
narrower  and  narrower  till  it  forms  Wood 
creek.  The  chain  extended  across  from 
Crown  Point  to  Chimney  Point  almost 
directly  opposite  on  the  Vermont  shore. 


1  f 


86 


PJUSCirs  JOURNJL. 


' 


from  which  some  thirty  were  detached  for  this 
purpose.  Between  lo  and  ii  o'clock  in  the 
forenoon  the  men  would  row  to  each  shore 
where  they  cooked  and  ate  —  returning  before 
sunset  to  their  respective  positions  and  casting 
anchor. 

On  the  19th  Inst.  Gen.  Phillips  sent  me,  by  an 
officer,  the  following  order  . 

'*  Crown-Point,  18M  Oct.,  1776. 
"  Monsieur  : 

"  Maj.  Gen.  Phillips  directs  me,  on  his  behalf, 
to  signify  to  you  his  entire  approbation  of  the 
brave  conduct  of  Lieut.  Dufais  and  the  subalterns 
and  soldiers  of  the  Hessian  Artillery  who  took 
part  in  the  attack  upon  the  Rebel  fleet,  the  nth 
of  this  month,  under  your  orders.  He  begs  you 
to  accept  his  good  wishes  and  his  best  acknow- 
ledgments ;  and  that  you  will  be  assured  that  he 
will  always  remember  it. 

"  I  ha-e  the  honor  to  be  very  sincerely.  Mon- 
sieur, your  very  humble  and  very  obedient  servant. 

"Thos.  Bloomfield," 

"  Major  of  Brigade.'* 

"To  Captain  Pausch.'* 

Meanwhile,  there  was  no  scarcity  of  provi- 
sions. Each  man  received  plenty  of  salt  meat. 
Zweibach,  and  Rum.     They  made  acquaintances 


I  i 


^ 


PAUSCirS  JOURNAL, 


87 


among  the  Indians,  and  traded  with,  and  bought 
of  them  fresh  mutton  and  beef.  So  that  the 
officers  and  privates  lacked  for  nothing  —  that  is, 
if  we  except  the  former  who  were  partly  in  need 
of  tea  and  coffee,  wine  and  other  drinkables. 

DuPiig  our  last  engagement,  Lieut.  Dufais 
lost  one  cannonier  named  Rosemer  who  was  shot 
dead,  and  the  drummer,  Pillant,  and  the  pilot, 
who  were  burned  up.  A  sailor,  also,  lost  his  leg 
by  the  same  ball  that  killed  the  cannonier,  and 
which  dug  a  hole  under  the  gun-carriage  three 
inches  above  water-mark.  During  this  time,  all 
ate  and  drank  rum  and  water  together  —  officers 
as  well  as  men  ;  and  for  a  change,  water  and 
rum  !  Salt  meat  and  Zweibach^  continued  to  be 
our  food. 

24th.  In  accordance  with  an  oral  order,  I  disem- 
barked my  men  and  encamped  near  the  left  wing 
of  the  29th  English  Regiment,  by  this  means  re- 
lieving an  English  officer  with  his  detachment,  of 
whose  cannon,  with  their  necessary  equipments,  I 
took  charge. 

27th,  28th.  I  also  received  the  following 
order  from  Gen.  Phillips  : 

^^Crown-Pointy  Oct,  2St/j,  1776. 

"  Capt.  Pausch,  with  the  detachment  of  Artil- 
lery under  his  command,  will  break  camp  to-mor- 
row morning  and  embark  his  company  upon  the 
four  batteaux  destined  to  join  those  now  upon  the 


,i! 


I 


■s,S 


88 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


River/  They  will  descend  the  Lake  as  far  as 
the  Isle  aux  NoiXy  where  he  will  take  the  de- 
tachment of  his  company  (the  same  as  those  at 
St.  John's)  and  will  return  to  Longville  [Lon- 
gueil]  which  place  he  will  make  his  quarters  until 
new  orders  reach  him  to  take  up  his  winter- 
quarters  at  Montreal. 

"  Bloomfield." 

28th.  After  9  A.  M.,  I  embarked  in  the  above 
mentioned  batteaux  on  my  return,  and  arrived 
the  third  day  —  traveling  all  this  time  alone  — 
at  the  Isk  aux  Noix.  I  was  alone  as  the  wind 
and  weather,  generally,  had  separated  me  from 
the  other  batteaux.  Three  nights  I  spent  on 
small  Islands  and  reefs,  where  the  wind  and 
waves  had  cast  me;  continually  in  the  open  air 
and  near  the  fires  which  we  had  built.  On  the 
third  day  (as  I  have  said),  I  arrived,  under  a  most 
favorable  but  high  wind,  at  the  Isle  aux  Noix  — 
only  an  hour  after  Lieutenants  Dufais  and  Span- 
genburg.  Here  I  gathered  up  all  that  were 
left  —  those  who  had  not  died  or  who  were  not 
in  the  hospital — in  six  batteaux,  and,  the  same 
day,  reached  the  camp  near  St.  Johns.  I  was 
determined  to  make  this  voyage  while  the  wind 
was  favorable. 

31st.  For  want  of  carts,  I  was  obliged  to  re- 
main till  towards  noon.     Finally,  by  dint  of  hard 

'  See  previous  note. 


PJUSCH'S  yOVRNJL. 


89 


work,  and  with  the  assistance  of  Maj.  Harness 
(commander  of  the  Brunswick  Battalion  of  Chas- 
seurs) I  procured  them,  and  reached  La  Savanne' 
after  dark,  over  a  wretched  and  nearly  impassa- 
ble road.  Here  we  found  some  houses  in  which 
we  took  up  our  quarters. 

Nov.  I  St.  I  arrived  at  Longueil  by  way  of 
La  Prairie.  I  occupied  at  this  place  good 
quarters ;  and,  on  my  giving  a  'f ceipt,  I  re- 
ceived from  a  Captain  of  the  Mi;i  la  residing 
here  fresh  bread  and  fresh  meat  for  the  first  time, 
except  when  at  Crown-Point,  /here  I  h..d  re- 
ceive] the  same  for  a  few  davs  for  my  command. 
The  same  day,  I  traveled  with  Lieut,  Sartorius 
to  Montreal.  I  met  the  latter  at  La  Prairie, 
having  had  occasion  to  call  upon  him  in  refer- 
ence to  procuring  money  for  the  payment  and 
transportation   of   the   troops. 

Here  I  met  Col.  Leutz,  Capt.  von  German, 
Capt.  von  Geismar,  and  von  Schoel  (a  convales- 
cent) and  Lieut,  von  Boetzig,  who  had  been 
ordered  to  this  place.  All  of  these  gentlemen 
started,  with  the  baggage  left  at  Montreal,  a  few 
days  later,  for  Berthier,  where  the  Regiment  had 
already  gone  into   Winter-quarters. 

'  La  Savan:ie    does    not   apply  to   any  sent  day,  supplied  with  the  best  of   hay." 

town    (as    might    be   inferred    From    the  Letter  from  Mrs.  L    J    A.  P/i/>ineiiu  of 

text,)  but   means  a  low,  swampy   district,  Monte   Be/Jo^    Canada    to    the    translator. 

Such  as  lies  between   La     Priirle,  Lon-  Riedesel  dated  several  of  his  letters  to  his 

gueil,    Chambly,    and    St.    Johns  ;  from  wife  from  this  district. 
which  low  land  Montreal  is,  at  the  pre- 

12 


t 

^R— 

y 

i 

1 

i 

--.KMU-'~W^ 


T 


ii 


(   -I 
i 


I 


90 


PyfUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


7th.  This  evening,  I  received  by  an  officer 
sent  expressly,  the  following  order  from  General 
Phillips : 

"  St.  Jo/jnsy  jt/i  Nov.,  1776. 

"Captain  Pausch,  with  the  company  of  Hes- 
sian Artillery,  will  proceed  to  the  Helds  at  Pcmt 
atix  Tremble^  where  he  will  encamp  until  the 
barracks  at  Montreal  are  in  a  condition  to  receive 
it.  He  will  take  his  orders  from  Brigadier 
Gall  regarding  the  workings  of  his  Brigade, 
which  will  be  attached  to  his  [Pausch  :)  Com- 
pany during  the  winter,  in  order  that  all  may  be 
collected  together ;  and  that  there  may  be  no 
farther  change  in  the  orders  upon  this  subject. 

**Bloomfield,  Maj of  Brigade. 

**N.  B.  Point  aux  Tremble  is  situated  in  the 
Island  of  Montreal  al^nost  opposite  Longucil." 

Early  the  next  morning  I  ordered  the  general 
reveille  to  be  beaten :  and  half  an  hour  later 
we  started.  Lieut.  Spangenburg,  Tour,  and 
Schutzen  I  dispatched  [in  advance]  at  6  in  the 
morning  to  the  Quarter  Master  General  (Capt. 
Money)  at  Montreal,  with  orders  to  provide 
quarters.  As  I  was  on  the  point  of  starting  with 
the  company,  I  received  from  the  Quarter- 
Master  General  the  following  letter  : 

**  Montreal  Stb  Nov.,  1776. 
"Sir  : 
**I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  the  bar- 


li. 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNyfL.  Qj 

racks  will  be  ready  next  Sunday  ;  and,  if  you 
judge  best,  your  company  can  start  Sunday  at 
whatever  hour  you  please  ;  or  if  you  prefer  to 
start  to  morrow  and  march  to  Point  aux  rrembte, 
you  shall  have  the  necessary  hatteaux  and  carts. 

"Yours, 

.        "J.  Money,^ 

''D.^M.  Genr 
9th.  This  news  obliged  me  to  return  the  fol- 
lowing morning  and  reoccupy  my  old  quarters. 

8th    On    the   8th,  the   lost  gunner,   Woehler 
with    five   more    cannoniers   and    the   servant   of 
Lieut.  Spangenburg,  made  his  appearance. 

On  the  6th,  Cannonier  Scibold  died  of  dys- 
entery on  a  small  Island  (the  name  of  which  I 
do  not  know)  and  was  buried  there.  I  quest- 
ioned Bombadier  Woehler  why  it  was  that  he 
had  been  so  long  absent  ?  He  stated,  that  after 
loosing  us,  he  had  drifted  about  on  the  Lake  — 
the  waves  casting  him  first  on  one  island  and 
then  on  another— until,  finally,  when  he  had 
about  given  up,  he  fell   in  with  some   Canadian 


'  John  Money,  we  are  informed  by 
Rogers  in  his  Hadden,  was  born  in 
Norwich  Eng.,  about  1740.  [-Ic  ,ic- 
cotnpanied  his  regiment  to  Canad.i  in  tiie 
•  pring  of  1776,  and  as  we  see  by  the 
text,  took  p.irt  in  the  operations  against 
the  Americans  that  year  under  Gen. 
Carleton.  The  next  year  he  atcum- 
panied   Burgoyne    on    his    expedition    as 


Dcp.  Ouarter-Mastcr  Gen.  After  being 
precipitated  from  a  balloon  into  the  sea 
and  being  nearly  drowned,  and  passing 
through  many  other  adventures,  he  died 
at  his  seat  near  Norwich  called  Crown- 
Foint,  (Did  he  name  the  place  to  re- 
mind him  of  his  American  Campaign  '1 
26  Mar.  18 1 7.  He  became  a  full  Gene- 
ral, June  4,  1814. 


I    ' 


S 


*.>-...a.i.-;iM»qiRW"--  _-^ 


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fl 


If 


II 


■ 


,! 


1     ! 


1 

i  i 

i  '' 

ill 

i 
1 

ijj^. 


92 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL, 


batteaux  and  canoes,  by  the  aid  of  which  he 
succeeded  in  reaching  the  Is/e  aux  Noix.  Thence 
he  traveled  to  St.  John's  by  water,  and  from 
there  overland,  he  reached  Longueil.  Here  he 
found  my  order  and  procured  a  cart.  I  rejoiced 
from  the  bottom  of  my  heart  to  have  these  poor 
devils  back  again.  During  all  this  time,  they 
had  met  with  nothing  but  misfortune ;  and, 
indeed,  I  had  given  them  up  for  lost.  Fortuna- 
tely, they  had  with  them  the  provisions  in- 
tended for  Lieut.  Spangenburg's  detachment 
(except  the  rum);  and  thus,  being  not  in  danger 
of  starvation,  were  enabled  to  sustain  life  for  a 
time.  Lieut.  Spangenburg  and  his  men  were 
provided  for  by  us.  My  company  had  allotted  to 
it  six  large  rooms  in  the  barracks  with  fire- 
places ;  and  to  my  subalterns  were  given  two 
rooms.  All  Captains  of  Artillery,  including 
myself,  are  billeted  in  the  city.  Each  room, 
occupied  by  my  men,  contains  ten  beds  —  every 
bed  holding  two  persons.  Every  Saturday,  wood, 
coal,  and  lights  are  distributed  among  them  from 
the  magazine;  and,  on  every  eighth  day,  provi- 
sions are  dealt  out  to  them  fairly  and  equitably. 
Nearly  all  the  winter  they  were  furnished  with 
fresh  meat  and  very  good  bread.  Each  man, 
with  the  exception  of  those  who  are  sick,  draws 
salt  beef  and  pork,  and  very  good  butter.  The 
latter  article  is  served  out  at  the  rate  of  one 
pound  per   man  for  eight  days ;  and  every  time 


«-j 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


93 


that  salt  meat  is  given  out,  pease  and  oat-meal 
are  also  furnished.  For  all  this,  the  company 
have  to  thank  solely  the  kind  care  of  Gen. 
Phillips,  who  is  just  as  solicitous  concerning  our 
rations  and  treatment  as  if  they  were  the  Royal 
Artillery  —  composed  of  his  own  men.  Imme- 
diately upon  going  into  our  winter-quarters,'  the 
entire  company,  by  order  of  the  General,  were 
furnished  with  the  following  articles  of  winter 
clothing.  Each  man  then,  received  the  following 
articles,  viz : 

One  pair  of  long  blue  cloth  over-alls  such  as 
are  worn  by  sailors,  which  come  high  up  above 
the  hips  and  way  down  to  the  shoes.  These  are 
fastened  under  the  feet  with  a  leather  strap,  and 
have  tive  buttons  on  the  outside  of  each  leg  and 


'The  winter-quarters  oi  the  Germani 
were  in  and  around  Three  Rivers,  as  far 
down  as  Ciiambly,  on  the  western  iiide 
of  Lake  St.  Pierre,  and  between  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  Richelieu.  The  more 
special  divisions  were  as'  follows ;  The 
regiment  of  Specht  as  far  down  as  Cliam- 
pluin,  near  Three  Rivers,  and  the  place 
called  Batiscamp  j  the  regiment  of  Rhetz 
ftdin  the  last  named  place  to  I'ort  St. 
Anna.  Tliese  regiments  sent  off  detach- 
ments to  the  parishes  south  of  tlie  St. 
Lawrence.  The  dragoons  and  regiments 
of  Riedesel  were  quartered  in  Three 
Rivers.  Two  squadrons  of  the  former, 
and  three  companies  of  tlie  latter,  h.id  the 
town  assigned  to  them.  'l"hc  tvvo  other 
squadrons  were  transferred  to  Cape-de-la- 
Madelain,  the  two  other  companies  to 
Point-du-Lac.  The  regiments  were 
also  obliged  to  send  detachments  to   the 


nearest  parishes  on  the  other  side  of  the 
St.  Lawrence.  The  regiment  of  Hesse- 
Hanau  was  removed  to  the  parishes  of 
Berthier  and  Masquinonge.  It,  also, 
sent  out  detachments  to  oocupy  St 
Francois  and  Sorel.  The  regiment  of 
Prince  Frederick  occupied  the  parishes  of 
Riviere-du-Loup,  and  Machiche.  The 
grenadier  battalion  was  quartered  in  St- 
Chailes,  St.  Oenis,  and  St.  Tours. 
Barnur's  light  infantry  was  sent  to  Bulo- 
v.lie  and  Ch.imbly,  where  it  was  joined 
by  the  company  of  sharp-shooters.  The 
artilli;ry  of  Hanau  was  quartered  in  Mon- 
tieal.  The  amount  of  territory  occupied 
as  wintei -quarters  by  the  German  troops 
was  much  too  large  for  the  number  of 
men.  Those  of  the  Brunswickers,  for 
instance  (only  2,282  in  all),  occupied  a 
front  of  no  less  than  thirty-three  German 
miles. 


I    1 


I         i 


i.  r  11 


fT 


li 


If  1: 


!i    'i 


I'   n 


!       I 


^-^hL 


94 


PJUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


extend   about  a   quarter    the  way    up  from  the 
ankle,  also  : 

One  large  blue  woolen  cap. 

One  pair  of  blue  mittens  lined  with  corduroy 
material. 

One  capacious  under-jacket,  the  sleeves  being 
made  of  strong  white  corduroy.  One  Cana- 
dian over-coat  with  a  cape  and  facing  of  white 
sheeps  wool,  and  bound  with  a  light  blue  braid. 
The  cape  itself  is  made  out  of  a  whitish  gray 
cloth'  a  kind  of  melton.  It  is  bound  with  light 
blue  woolen  ribbon,  and  in  three  places  extend- 
ing down  in  front  to  the  waist  it  is  fastened 
with  rosettes  —  these  latter  being  made  out  of 
this  same  blue  ribbon.  This  garment  is  called 
throughout  all  Canada  a  capot. 

For  this  entire  outfit  the  following  sums  were 
deducted  from  each  man  of  the  company. 

In  September  a.  p.  5  shillings  no  Pence 


"  October 
"  November 
"  December 
"  January 
"  February 
"  March 

Total 


« 


« 


« 


ii 


«( 


i 

I 
I 
I 


33  shillings  9  Pence 


«( 


« 


« 


« 


•  The    word  which  I  have    translated     the  color  of  a  cloth  when  we  say  "pepper 
"  whitish  gray,"    conveys  to    a  German     and  salt." 
exactly  what   we   mean,   in  speaking  of 


PyfUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


95 


This  was  the  cost  including  the  making. 

Each  of  these  suits  costs  about  3  shillings  less 
than  those  furnished  to  the  English  artillery; 
and  for  the  reason,  that  1,  myself,  saw  to  the 
making  of  them  up  even  to  the  smallest  detail  — 
had  it  all  done,  too,  in  Montreal,  and  made  all 
the  bargains  myself  There  was  another  reason 
viz:  Among  the  English  artillerists  are  the 
tallest,  strongest,  and  handsomest  men  in  the 
world.  Consequently,  it  required  more  material 
of  each  kind,  than  it  did  for  my  men. 

The  blue  cloth  and  the  corduroy  arc  already 
on  hand ;  for  as  I  was  too  far  away  from  Mon- 
treal to  attend  to  the  purchase  myself,  I  had  it 
bought  in  that  town  at  the  same  time  as  was  that 
of  the  English  artillery  which  has  just  returned 
frorn  St.  Johns.  Immediately  upon  receiving  it 
I  paid  the  commissary  for  it  in  cash,  taking  his 
receipt. 

These  outfits  —  so  necessary  in  this  part  of  the 
world  —  are  of  great  service  to  my  men,  espe- 
cially those  who  are  sick.  Of  the  latter,  there  arc 
over  thirty  who  are  suffering  from  a  kind  of 
scorbutic  itch. 

Indeed,  I  have  been,  from  the  start,  the  most 
miserable  and  unfortunate  of  all  the  commanders 
of  the  German  Companies.  Each  of  my  men 
who    was  sent    to    the    Hospital   was    not   only 


I 


i 

M         1 


i     ' 


f 


.;■ 

j; 

i' 

■! 

I'i 

96  PAUSCirS  JOURNAL. 

afflicted  with  dysentery,  but,  as  the  hospital  doc- 
tors told  me,  talked  day  and  night  of  fathers, 
mothers,  brothers,  sisters,  cousins,  and  aunts  — 
besides,  also,  talking  over  and  repeating  all  kinds 
of  German  village  deviltry  —  calling  now  this 
one,  and  now  that  one  by  his  baptismal  name 
until  they  had  to  stop  for  actual  want  of  breath! 
For  this  disease  there  is,  as  is  well  known,  but 
one  remedy  in  the  world,  viz  :  dear  peace,  and  a 
speedy  return ;  and  with  this  hope  I  comfort  my 
sick  daily.  With  those  still  alive  and  well,  I  am 
perfectly  satisfied  ;  for  they  find  plenty  of  solace 
in  the  Canadian  girls  and  women.  For  this  rea- 
son, and  in  their  companionship  they  are  happy 
and  contented. 

After  making  the  necessary  arrangements  for 
the  preservation  and  quiet  of  the  sick,  I  asked 
the  General  for  an  order  to  enable  me  to  bring 
my  cannon,  carts,  harnesses,  &c.,  from  the  River 
Sorel  to  Montreal.  This  I  did  that  I  might 
ascertain  how  many  were  left,  and  in  what  con- 
dition every  thing  was  —  so  as  to  be  prepared  for 
actual  service. 

1 6th  to  the  29th.  I  made  this  request  in  writ- 
ing and  in  the  French  language  ;  and,  on  the 
29th,  received  the  necessary  order  enabling  mc 
to  carry  out  my  purpose. 

The  river  was  still  open ;  and  accordingly  I 
embarked    in    four    batteaux,    taking    with    mc 


PAUSCWS  JOURNAL. 


97 


Lieut.  Spangcnburg,  the  servants  of  the  company 
and  all  the  men  necessary.  The  same  day  we 
reached  Point  aux  Tremble — distant  from  here 
two  and  one-half  leagues. 

30th.  I  remained  over  night  at  La  Valerie, 
where  I  met  Capt.  Schoell  who,  with  his  com- 
pany, were  quartered  in  this  Parish. 

Dec.  2d.  3d.  I  reached  Berthier,  the  head-quart- 
ers of  Col.  von  Gall,  and,  under  the  supervision 
of  Lieut.  Spangenburg  and  wagon-master  Zick- 
lamm.  I  had  everything  transferred  from  the 
transports  to  ten  batteaux,  and  had  them  taken 
to  Berthier  by  way  of  the  River  Sorell  and  across 
Lake  St.  Pierre.  I  also  arranged  everything 
with  Lieut.  Sartorius  regarding  the  balance  of 
the  pay  due  us  from  November. 

4th.  I  had  the  freight  of  the  batteaux  equal- 
ized ;  and,  with  the  consent  of  Brig.  Gen.  von 
Gall,  had  given  orders  to  start  the  next  day  at 
sunrise,  when,  toward  9  o'clock,  the  same 
evening,  I  received  another  order  from  him  di- 
recting that  everything  should  remain  in  statu 
quOy  as  he  hoped  that  my  company,  also,  would 
go  into  winter-quarters  at  Berthier  on  the  Isle 
au  Bas.i 


*  Evidently  some   mistake    in  spelling     nection,   Iiic  au  Bat.  has  no  meaning  in 
on  the  part  of  the  writer,  as,  in  this  con-     French. 

^3 


I 


( 


1^ 


\> 


i  i 


i 

! 

! 

■ 

1, 

^ 

JUail 

98 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


5th.  Consequently,  I  had  everything  taken 
from  the  batteaux,  re-landed,  and  collected  to- 
gether near  head-quarters.  Those  articles  which 
required  to  be  covered  I  stored  in  barns. 

6th.  1  sent  my  men  on  batteaux  to  La  Valen- 
tine, at  which  place  they  remained  over  the 
night. 

8th  and  9th.  Late  in  the  night  I  returned  to 
Montreal.  I  had  not  strictly  carried  out  the 
order  of  the  General  to  whose  Brigade  I  really 
belonged,  and,  indeed,  still  belong  ;  and  I  thus, 
innocently,  met  an  offended  gentleman  and  sour 
faces.  I  explained  to  him,  as  well  as  I  couKl, 
that  not  only  my  Instructions  but  my  letter  di- 
rected me  to  place  myself  under  the  orders  of 
Brigadier  von  C^all.  Upon  this  statement,  Gen. 
, Phillips  immediately  wrote  to  Gen.  Carleton, 
the  commander-in-chief  at  Quebec.  As  a  result 
of  my  letter  it  was  decided  that  the  Hessian 
Company  of  Artillery  should  go  into  winter- 
quarters  with  the  English  in  the  same  barracks 
and  there  remain. 

Jan.  22d,  1777.'  Our  cannon  and  all  the  bag- 
gage and  acoutrements  arrived  towards  evening, 
having  been  transported  overland   with  horses  by 


'  It  will  be  observed  that  there  is  here 
an  interruption  in  the  Journal  extending 
over  forty-tour  d;iys  of  December  and  Jan- 
uary. From  the  fact  that  it  was  the  most 
leisurely  period  of  winter-quarters  ;  and 
also  from  the  additional  circumstance 
that  Pausch  was  in  the  habit  of  trans- 
mitting his  daily  records — either  the  first 


draft  or  a  copy  —  to  Prince  William 
by  every  opportunity,  it  is  natural  to  sup- 
pojc  that  either  his  notes  are  lost,  never 
having  reached  their  destination,  or  that 
they  m.iy  be  still  extant  (but  not  yet  dis- 
covered) in  Hessian  manuscript  collection* 
public  and  private,  and  may  yet  turn  up 
when  least  looked  for. 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNJL, 


99 


the   Canadians.      They  were   brought   into    the 
Barrack-yard,  where  they  yet  remain. 

23d.  The  birth-day  of  the  Queen  was  cele- 
brated ;  and  a  salute  of  seven  cannon  was  fired 
three  times  at  the  Citadel.  My  cannon  were 
used  for  this  purpose  -  there  being  no  others 
Jiere. 

The  29th  Regiment  and  the  English  Artillery 
marched  in    front  of  the   Citadel.     The  former 
fired  three  salutes  from  their  muskets  after  every 
seventh  cannon  shot.      Each  cannon  was  charged 
with  fully    three  pounds  of  powder  — a  charge 
which  these  cannon  had  never  before  contained. 
This,  as  I  understood  it,  was  intended  as  a  test  of 
the  strength  of  the  guns.     Since  then,  whenever 
the    weather   is  favorable,   I   have  the   men  drill 
daily     according     to    our     established     method. 
They  are  improving  considerably  —  ths  greatest 
part  of  the  men  taking  interest  in  the  drill. 

I  must  say  that,  in  some  respects,  I  am  fortu- 
nate in  having  my  Quarters  in  the  barracks  at 
Montreal,  and  not  in  an  extensive  Parish;  since 
lean  thus  take  care  of  the  sick  and  the'  well 
Besides  which,  having  my  men  close  together 
I  can  eanly  correct  any  thing  that  needs  a  change' 
In  the  country,  for  instance,  with  my  men  scat- 
tered singly  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  shan- 
ties, I  should  have  lost  half  of  my  young  men  • 
and  being  separated  from  the   English  Artillery' 


mmm 


J'' 


^ 


' 


i 


I 

I 


I  i^ 


iiiii 

flirt 


lOO 


PJUSCfrS  JOURNAL, 


they  would   not   have   received  half  of  the  care 
and  attention. 

Every  one  was  obliged  to  be  at  Parade  at  1 1 
o'clock  A.  M. —  the  English  Artillery  as  well  as 
my  own.  The  companies  formed  in  line  at  the 
barracks  and  were  taken  by  companies  to  the 
Parade  Ground.  They  were  obliged  to  run 
sometimes  for  a  half,  and  sometimes  for  a  whole 
hour. 

This  came  the  harder  on  my  men  as  they  had 
never  been  drilled  in  it  before.  However,  this 
exercise  (which  they  were  obliged  to  prac- 
tice continually)  was  very  conducive  to  their 
health.  They  had,  also,  to  dress  themselves 
properly  every  day;  to  comb  and  powder  their 
hair  :  the  more  so,  as  the  General,  himself,  in- 
spected them   man  and  man. 

March.  My  bat,'  baggage  and  forage  money 
goes  at  such  a  rate,  that  I  actually  don't 
know  where  it  goes  to.  I  had  to  furnish  each 
of  my  men  with  four  good  undershirts,  two 
new  outside  shirts,  with  two  pair  of  linen 
coverings  for  the  arms,  two  pair  of  shoes, 
and  new  stockings  for  nearly  all.  This  I  must 
do,  if  they  would  appear  properly.  Besides  this, 
I  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  my  chest  containing 
47  pairs  of  new  white  pants,  and  49  pairs  of  new 
white    leggins.     I    had    them    replaced  by  new 

'  Money  for  tjie  pack-horsei. 


iW 


!  i 


rmmut 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


lOI 


ones,  and  distributed  among  the  company.  Most 
of  the  pantaloons  arc  of  fine  bleached  twilling ; 
for  I  could  not  obtain  strong  linen  white  enough. 
The  leggins  cost,  each,  30  French  aunes.  About 
60  Hanau  yards  cost  16  piasters,  equal  to  44 
florins.' 

In  fact,  the  entire  outfit  costs  {  more  here 
than  in  Hanau,  when  I  can  buy  everything 
for  \  less  than  it  costs  here.  Shoes  and  leather 
are  here,  also,  excessively  dear,  as  are  all  other 
necessaries  no  matter  what  they  are.  I  had 
rather  have  a  Secbsbatschen'-  in  Hanau  (for  I  can 
do  more  with  it)  than  a  piaster  here,  which,  in 
Hanau  money,  is  2  florins  and  36  kreutzers. 

April.  All  the  officers  have  to  add  money  of 
their  own,  or  else  live  poorly.  A  bombadier, 
for  example,  has  to  pay  for  a  pair  of  boots  20 
florins ;  for  a  pair  of  leather  pants  20  florins  ; 
for  a  coat,  five  times  as  much  as  in  Hanau ; 
and  everything  else  in  the  same  proportion. 
Why,  a  bottle  of  the  poorest  red  wine  costs, 
in  our  money,  36  kreutzers,  and  a  bottle  of 
Madeira  i  piastre ! 

For  the  last  three  weeks  we  have  had  orders 
to  hold  ourselves  in  readiness  for  marching.  St. 
Johns  is  the  place  of  rendezvous ;  and  it  is  also 
the  arsenal,  and  the  main  depot  for  our  ammuni- 

'  One  florin  —  equal  to    37  cents  or  ]-^         'A  coin  of  the  value    of  four  silver 
English  money.  groschen,  equal  in  our  money  to  twelve 

and  one-half  centi. 


' 


^jBWi 


•d*i 


/  ■  r 


; 


102 


PAUSChTS  JOURNAL. 


tion  and  provisions.  All  our  fleet  (both  small 
and  large  vessels)  arc  anchored  there.  Every- 
thing, it  seems,  is  to  be  taken  from  there  in  bat- 
teaux  to  the  Isle  aux  Noia  —  that  is,  after  the 
army  has  broken  up  and  left  their  winter- quar- 
ters. We  will  then  occupy  our  old  post  ol  Crown- 
Point,  which  we  captured  last  year,  and  thence, 
we  will  undertake  an  expedition  against  Carillon' 
or  Ticonderoga.  It  is  rumored  that  the  enemy's 
fleet  is  at  this  place  —  though  under  not  very 
auspicious  conditions.  It  is  also  said,  however, 
that  the  fo^t  at  Ticonderoga  —  so  far  as  regards 
situation,  garrison  and  cannon  —  i6  strongly  forti- 
fied. 

Regarding  the  charges  against  head-smith 
Brads  concerning  discipline,  service  and  insub- 
ordination, the  Brigadier  General  will  send  in  his 
reports  and  protocols.  I  wi;:.h  to  gracious  that  I 
had  never  seen  such  a  **  cuss ;  "^  also,  I  hope 
never  to  see  another  one  like  him.  I  fervently 
hope  that  he  will  sit  in  chains  in  a  London  jail — 
for  this  is  all  he  is  good  for  in  this  world. 
There  is  no  more  despicable  beast  in  this  world 
than  he.  He  respects  neither  God  nor  his 
Superiors.  This  is  the  second  time  that  he  has 
been  confined  in  jail  —  having  been,  now,  over 
two    months    in   Berthier  —  where  I    have   sent 


»  A  chime  of  bells.  So  named  by  tiie 
early  French,  on  account  of  the  music  of 
the  waters. 


'  The  exact  translation. 


n  H\ 


'^ 


PAUSCH'S  JOVRNAL. 


103 


him  to  be   tried  by  a  court-martial  of  the  Regi- 
ment. • 

On  the  5th  of  March,  at  7  A,  M.  I  ordered 
out  my  Company  for  inspection,  near  the 
Quebec  Gate  at  Montreal.  They  were  closely 
examined  on  this  occasion  by  the  Inspectit)n 
Commissioners,  the  Captains  of  Artillery,  and 
by  Adj.  Gen.  Foy'  —  which  inspection  took 
about  half  an  hour.  The  latter  (Foy)  paid  me 
a  compliment  after  the  muster  —  saying  that  he 
Wi.  ^reatly  pleased,  and  that  he  would  report 
the  satisfaction  he  had  experienced  to  His  Ex- 
cellency, General  Carleton.  He  left  us  the 
same  day ;  and  a  few  days  later,  I  learned  from  a 
letter  from  the  Brigadier  General  that  he  had 
expressed  himself  to  the  same  effect  at  Berthier. 

The  Muster-Roll,  attested  by  the  Commis- 
sioners and  sworn  to,  I  immediately  sent  to 
Berthier  ;  and  I  trust  that  it  arrived  there  at  the 
same  time  as  that  of  the  Highland  Regiment. 


'  Edward  Foy  accompinied  the  Bruns- 
wick troops  from  Germany  to  England, 
and  thence  to  Quebec,  where  he  arrived 
June  1st,  1775,  having  gone  to  Canada 
as  commissary  ot  the  tro.)|i3  there.  He 
was  appointed  Dep.  Adj.  Gen.  to  the 
army  in  Canada  June  3d,  1776,  and 
Adj.  Gen.,  June  6,  1777.  Gen.  Bur- 
gojrne  wished  to  have  Foy  join  him  on  his 
expedition,  but  Sir  Guy  Carleton  who  was 
about  to  return  to  England  could  not  spare 
him.  Foy  was  appointed  Secretary  of 
the    Gov.    Gen.    of   Canada,  July     ist, 


1778  ;  and  he  died  April  27th,  of  the 
next  year.  Foy's  wife  accompanied  the 
Baroness  Riedesel  to  Canada  in  the 
spring  of  1777,  svhen  both  ladies  went 
to  join  their  husbands.  Tlic  Baroness, 
in  her  journal,  however  (see  Stone's 
Memoirs  of  Madame  Keidesel),  gives 
anything  but  a  flifri  !r  description  of 
her  traveling  com  i.inion.  For  a  more 
detailed  account  of  Foy,  see  "  Iladden's 
yournal "  annotated  by  Gen.  Horatio 
Rogers. 


I 


\ 


I04 


PJUSCirS  JOVRNAL. 


1 1 


Jt  i 


On  the  nth  of  March,  the  entire  English 
Artillery  and  also  my  company  were  reviewed  by 
His  Excellency,  Gen.  Carleton,  and  Gen.  Riedesel. 
After  the  review  and  while  yet  in  the  Parade 
ground  I  received  a  notification,  by  an  Adjutant 
of  Artillery,  that  the  General-in-Chief  was 
highly  satisfied.  Soon  after,  I  had  the  same 
sentiments  from  Gen.  Riedesel  in  an  Order  of 
Gens.  Carleton  and  Phillips  expressed  in  good 
German.  Regarding  this  Review,  instead  of 
the  so-called  Muster- Roll,  a  Report  is  attached 
and  hereby  annexed  under  L.  K. 

April.  For  tnis  campaign,  the  douceurs  for  the 
Bat -baggage'  and  forage  money,  according  to  the 
list  made  out  the  nth  of  February,  for  the  past 
year,  were  received  excepting  for  the  doctor, 
Wagon-Master  and  the  foreman  of  the  hostlers — 
of  whose  pay  (by  order  of  the  Lieut.  Gen.  and 
Col  von  Gall)  one  half  was  kept  back  —  that  is, 
6  Livres  (8  Florins  9)  total  19  Livres,^  which 
was  paid  to  Lieut  Sartorius  —  and  for  which,  a 
receipt  was  taken. 

Closed  the  20th  April,  1777. 

G.  Pausch. 


'(.  e.  Baggage  on  the  pack-horses. 


°6;.  3</.,  English  money. 


■■*^--* ^;— ,-  --.t''".^,-^*9lMi 


mmmm 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


105 


^       Continuation    of  the    Journal  ~  interrupted 

April  20M,  1777. 

28th.  After    getting     my    package    ready    to 
send,  I  heard  by  chance,  that    Gen.  Phillips  in- 
tended  to  send   despatches    in    haste  to  Quebec, 
where  a  vessel  was  said  to   be  on  the  eve  of  sail- 
ing down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  open  sea   for 
London.     As    I   was   anxious   to    profit   by   this 
opportunity  (for  which  I  had  so  long  waited)  to 
forward  my  Reports   and  my   Journal   with    six 
plans  besides  other  things,  I  begged,  at  the   next 
following  reception   of  said  General,    both   as  a 
particular   favor  to    myself,   and   more  yet,   as  a 
gracious  attention  towards  my  Master,  His  Serene 
Highness,  the  Prince,   that   he   would  send    my 
package  under  cover  of  his  mail  and  with  his  best 
recommendations  to  London.     To  this  request  he 
consented  without  hesitation.    Accordingly,  upon 
the  day  appointed  by  him  for  this  purpose,'  I  did 
not  fail  to  hand    to    his  Secretary  my  package 
securely  sealed  ;  and  I  fervently  trust  that  it  will 
reach    the   hands  of  His    Highness    without  the 
least  delay,    and  even  quicker  and   more  securely 
than  my  former  one. 

May  15th.  Between  my  last  date  and  this,  I 
did  not  fail  modestly  to  present  the  following 
points  : 


I 

I  I 

I  I 

r  I 


■»<■ 


T^'T 


f!     # 


106 


PJUSCirS  JOVRNJL. 


'  I 


1st.  I  sent  a  Report  in  regard  to  the  condi- 
tion and  real  effective  force  of  the  command 
graciously  entrusted  to  me. 

2d.  There  was  ordered  for  the  English 
artillery  long,  loose,  and  wide  linen  overalls  — 
such  as  the  Sailors  wear  —  to  be  made  in  one 
piece  from  one  end  to  the  other ;  and  to  be  of 
the  same  length  as  leggins.  They  were  mostly 
made  of  old  tents.  I  found  this  kind  of  cloth- 
ing to  be  very  well  adapted  to  this  climate  and  our 
present  situation.  They  were  particularly  con- 
venient not  only  for  marching,  but  as  a  pro- 
tection against  the  insects'  which  are  especially 
annoying  to  the  men  both  in  the  field  and  in 
the  camp.  Lieut.  Dufais  and  myself  amply 
tested  the  merits  of  this  clothing  last  year, 
while  on  our  journey  to  and  from  Three  Rivers 
and  Chambly.  As  the  Artillery  were  obliged 
to  do  duty  in  this  kind  of  uniform,  and  as  it 
made  a  good  i»mpression  generally,  and  promoted 
harmony  when  it  was  seen  that  we  were  willing 
to  wear  them,  I  determined  to  adopt  the  dress. 
Accordingly,  as  I  had  no  old  tents  which  would 
serve  the  purpose,  I  did  not  hesitate,  but  bought, 
at  the  lowest  price,  Russian  linen  and  had  it 
made  up  into  pants.  I  intend  to  deduct  the 
actual  cost  of  this  clothing  from  the  pay  of  the 
Subalterns,  Musicians  and  Cannoniers  in  two 
payments,    and    for    this   reason,    viz :    that   the 

•  Mosquitoes  ? 


^^ 


A-«fe>.*s:'j'gii'-^^:''->^"'ii«Ui;«MiilMilWilM 


,  .J.^V\~»  <»  L  . 


PJUSCH'S  JOVRNAL. 


107 


pants  are,  like  their  winter  clothing,  an  article 
which  cannot  be  paid  for  out  of  the  fund  devoted 
to  sundry  small  prescribed  articles  of  dress, 
having  no  connection  with  them.  These  pants 
nre  now  all  finished,  and  are  worn  by  the  men 
not  only  in  the  barracks,  but  when  off  duty  and 
at  drill. 

For  the  last  three  weeks  I  have  drilled  every 
morning  from  6  to  8  o'clock,  after  the  lately 
introduced  fashion  —  with  only  one  Company.  In 
the  afternoon,  two  of  my  cannon  are  served  by 
the  English,  and  two  by  men  from  my  Com- 
pany when  [ball]  cartridges  are  used.  I,  for 
one,  never  am  present  but  send  my  officers  in- 
stead—for the  reason,  that  only  an  English 
captain  is  sent  there,  and  only  an  English  officer 
commands  them  on  these  occasions. 

^  The  National  pride  and  arrogant  conduct  of 
these  people  allow  them  to  command  my  men, 
while  I  am  not  permitted  to  command  theirs! 

I  lately  requested  Gen.  Phillips  that  he  would 
furnish  me  powder  for  my  own  drill.  This 
request  he  at  once  granted.  This  was  at  one 
o'clock.  At  three  o'clock,  it  was  counter- 
manded through  the  influence  either  of  the 
Major  or  some  one  else.  Jealousy  was  the 
cause  of  my  not  being  allowed  to  drill  sepa- 
rately any  longer  ;  and  I  was  thus  forced  to  drill 
at  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  according  to  their 
orders   and   by  their  drums,    which    my  men  do 


: 


;f 


;■'.   I 


m 


'    '  T 

' 

ii 

^i 


I 

i  I 


io8 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL, 


not  understand  at  all,  and  who,  if  I  left  them  to 
drill  alone,  would  be  totally  demoralized.  In 
fact,  the  Devil  of  Jealousy  has  been  aroused 
because  the  English  see  that  my  men  drill 
quicker  and  more  promptly,  and  because,  also, 
the  spectators  do  us  the  justice  publicly  to  ac- 
knowledge this  to  be  the  case.  Hence,  instead 
of  the  former  friendship  between  us,  there  is 
now  enmity.  They  imitate  our  Artillery  in  diff- 
erent things,  as,  for  example,  in  the  matter  of 
our  wipers  —  of  which  they  are  having  some 
made  for  their  3  and  6  pound  cannon.  Every 
day,  to  my  disgust,  I  have  to  practice  the  [lately] 
introduced  quick-step,  which  we  do  not  have, 
nor  do  they  have  it  in  Prussia  —  nay  not  in  the 
world,  except  in  the  chase,  with  fast  horses  and 
good  dogs !  This  is  a  splendid  exercise  for  the 
men  in  winter  ;  but  in  the  summer,  when  the 
weather  is  warm,  it  is  detrimental  to  the  health 
of  the  men.  It  has  no  good  result  except  to 
make  the  spectators  laugh — for  by  this  man- 
oeuvre no  closed  ranks  could  be  kept  in  an 
attack  upon  the  enemy.  In  case,  therefore,  of  a 
retreat  we  would  not  only  fire  badly,  but  would 
be  exposed  to  the  well  deserved  censures  of  the 
European  and  American  press.' 

There  is  a  daily  parade  from  10  to  12  o'clock — 
frequently  to  12:30 — and  every  evening,  from 
5  to  7.     Every  man  in  our  service  must  turn  out 

'  The  Press  was  a  power  even  in  those  days  ! 


i       '! 


PAUSCH'S  yOVRNAL. 


109 


and  be  present.  Having  anything  but  a  full 
Company,  and  having,  at  times,  from  10  to  12 
men  sick  at  the  barracks  with  the  bad,  and  in 
this  country,  the  ever  prevalent  diarrhea,  I  send 
two  officers.  The  General  daily  assumes  more 
and  more  authority — encroaching  more  and 
more  upon  our  jurisdiction. 

The    head-smith.     Brads,  was    sentenced    by 
Court    Martial    to    two    months    imprisonment 
on    bread   and    water    as  a    punishment    for  his 
wickedness    and    excesses.     This  will    be    fully 
shown  by    the    documents  which    will    be  sub- 
mitted by  Brig.  Gen.  and  Col.  von  Gall.     A  few 
days  after  the  sentence,  his  fascinating  daughter 
called    on    the    General,   and    his    wife    on   the 
Major.      As  the  result,   I   immediately   received 
an    order,    through    Lieut.    Dufais    whom    the 
Major  met,  at  once  to   liberate  the  head-smith, 
Brads.     I  immediately  obeyed  this  order,  but,  at 
the  same  time,  reported   the  fact  to  Brig.   Gen. 
von   Gall.     Thus   both  his    authority   and  mine 
were  at  once  overthrown,    over  which    circum- 
stance   the  English   and   Brads,   himself,  crowed 
loudly.      It  was  pretended   by  the  latter  [V.  e.  the 
English]   that  the  work   of  the  blacksmith    was 
needed  ;  but   this  was  only  a  pretext,   for,    from 
the    beginning,     I     had    substituted     Cannonier 
Walter,    a    thoroughly    good    mechanic.       The 
King's  work,  therefore,  would  not  have  suffered ; 
for  two  blacksmiths    are  all    that    are   required! 


1 1 


ill 


jl 

ji  , 

\     1 

i  ^   ■ 

m 


no 


PjiUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


i  I  ■■ 


That  number    is    all   that  is  allowed   me  ;  con- 
sequently, I  have  no  right  to  have  more. 

Brads  states  in  public  that  being,  at  present,  in 
the  service  of  the  King  and  in  that  of  no  other, 
no  one  else  has  authority  over  him  ;  and  this 
statement  has,  of  course,  [as  things  are]  many 
supporters.  I  wish  I  were  entirely  rid  of  him  ; 
and  that  I  could  give  him  up  to  his  protectors ; 
for  I  fear  that  there  will  yet  be  a  terrible  scene 
with  him  the  first  time  he  transgresses,  in  the 
least,  the  rules  of  respect  and  discipline.  I  am 
sure  of  this,  for  I  know  that  certain  matters  of 
jurisdiction  are  reserved  in  the  treaty  which  was 
ratified  by  his  Majesty,  the  King. 

I  also  add  two  copies  of  a  protocul  regarding 
Cannonier  Nantz  who  is  now  in  jail  and  guarded 
by  a  watch.  An  English  officer  had  him  arrested 
and  brought  before  his  Main  Guard,  and  after- 
wards cast  him  into  prison  without  informing 
me.  He  was  afterwards  taken  from  prison  and 
brought  into  the  Guard-room,  where  the  com- 
manding officer  of  the  Guard,  by  the  name  of 
Williamson  of  the  29tb  Regiment,  after  cuffing 
and  kicking  him,  sent  him  back  to  the  jail  —  a 
place,  where  we,  at  home,  put  only  pickpockets, 
highwaymen,  murderers  and  assassins. 

The  circumstances  of  the  case  are  as  follows  : 

Crv:'  ii'ici  Nantz  was  called  a  "  Dutch  bugger" 

h,  d-   :;    .    \  earing  an  overcoat  with  a  hood   (as 


immm 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL, 


III 


all  soldiers  and  inhabitants  hereabouts  do),  and 
leading  a  girl  by  the  arm.     Expecting  anything 
but  such  an   epithet  from  a  soldier  or  even  from 
a  Canadian  peasant,  Nantz  answered.     **Tou  may 
be  an  infamous  bugger,  but  what  am  I  doing  to 
you,  you  dog,  that  you  should  call  me  a  bugger  ?" 
Suddenly,  a  glistening    bayonet    appeared    from 
under  the  cape.       Nantz,  a  good,  brave  soldier, 
and  as  decent  and  as  resolute  a  man  as  there  it  in 
the   Company — and  not   intoxicated    as  he  had 
left  his  bed  in  the  barracks    only  three-quarters 
of  an  hour  previous  —  draws  his  sabre.     Hesita- 
ting, however,  to  use  it,  he  strikes,  with  the  flat 
side  of  the  blade,  the  head  of  his  antagonist  just 
as  he  was  in  the  act  of  using  his  bayonet.     But 
the  sabre  glancing  off,  he  cuts  one  of  his  cheeks; 
whereupon  the  man  with  the  overcoat  runs  away  ! 
Nantz  quietly  pursues  his  way  to  the  barracks  ; 
but  while  in  the  act  of  passing  the  Guard,  he  is 
drawn  in,  arrested,  and  maltreated  in  the  manner 
just  mentioned.     To  his  question  "  what  crime 
he  had   committed  ?  "  he    is    told    that    he  had 
struck  this  officer.     Whereupon,  he  replied,  that 
he  had   not   known    he   was   an  officer ;  that  he 
was  heartily  sorry  for  it ;   that  he  never  supposed 
that  an  officer  would  call  him  a  "  Dutch  bugger  ;  " 
that,  as  he  had  said,  he  had  not  supposed  him  to 
be  an  officer,  but  had  taken  him  to  be  either  a  rude 
soldier  or  a  Canadian   peasant ;  and,  finally,  that 
the  Prince,   whom  he  served,  had   not  a  single 


^    i 

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112 


PAUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


"bugger"  in  his  service,  but  only  brave  soldiers 
as  good  as  they  were  themselves  — and  that  they 
all  served  the  same  King. 

On  the  following  morning,  I  received  an  order 
to  investigate  the  case.  This  was  on  a  Monday, 
and  also  a  tea-party  day.'  I  took  with  me  my 
three  officers  as  assessors.  The  aggrieved  officer, 
who  could  only  speak  English,  came  also  accom- 
panied by  a  corporal  of  the  English  Artillery 
who  spoke  German.  I  had  the  accused  brought 
before  me  and  close-questioned  him.  Mean- 
while, the  officer  confessed  that  he  had  called 
Nantz  a  "  bugger.  "  "  Why  ?  "  was  my  question 
to  the  officer.  **  Because,"  he  replied,  "  the 
cannonier  had  looked  at  him."  "  Now,"  I 
asked  the  cannonier,  "  Why  did  you  look  at  the 
officer  ?  "  He  replied,  that  "  he  had  served  his 
Majesty,  the  King  of  Prussia,  for  eight  years,  and 
was  allowed  to  look  at  him  whenever  he  met 
him ;  and,  moreover,  he  had  never  been  re- 
proved for  so  doing  ;  that  he  and  every  one  else 
had  a  perfect  right  to  look  at  any  one  whom 
they  met  in  the  public  street." 

Perceiving,  therefore,  that  I  could  do  nothing 
in  this  matter,  and  that  the  whole  affair  would 
result  unfavorably  before  the  officers,  I  sent  him 
to  my  Guard-House. 

'  That  it,  a  reception  held  at  stated  times  by  the  Generals  and  their  wives. 


wm 


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wmtM 


wmmrtifmmmm 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


"3 


While  at  the  Court  Tea-party,  I  received  from 
Major  Gordon'  of  the  Ens^^ineer  Corps  (who,  dur- 
ing the  presence  of  Lieut.  Gen.  Carleton  was 
vice-commander)  an  order  to  deliver  the  "wretch" 
to  the  Main-Guard,  which  I  did.  A  few  hours 
afterwards,  I  received  iui other  order  to  take  a 
receipt  for  the  "  wretch  "  from  the  Main-guard, 
and  keep  him  until  further  directions.  Three 
weeks  went  by  without  any  further  enquiries  re- 
garding the  case. 

Meanwhile,    a  spy  enquired  of  my  officers  if 
the    cannonier  was  in  jail   or  on   duty?      I  an- 
swered that  he  was  on   duty  since  no  other  order 
had  been   received  respecting  him.      The  Gene- 
ral, also,  asked  me   in    the   drawing-room,    the 


'  Harry  Gordon  of  Knockespock, 
in  the  parish  of  Clatt,  Aberdeenshire, 
came  from  an  old  Scotch  family,  that 
obtained  from  James  IV,  in  i5oSagrant 
of  the  barony  of  Clatt,  whic/i  was  re- 
newed by  James  VI,  in  1604,  "to  his 
beloved  James  Gordoun  of  Knockes- 
poke."  The  early  Eiitiili  Army  Lists 
do  not  mention  the  Engineer  Corps,  so  it 
is  impossible  to  state  when  Major  Gor- 
don entered  the  Royal  Engineers.  In 
the  Army  Lists  of  1756  he  is  down  as  a 
sub-engineer,  which  grade  was  equivalent 
to  a  lieutenant  of  Foot,  but  no  date  of 
commission  is  given.  He  became  an 
engineer  in  ordinary  and  captain  Jan.  4, 
1758,  and  a  major  in  the  army  July  23, 
1773.  He  was  serving  in  Canada  in 
Sept.,  1776,  and  he  had  probably  been 
stationed  there  for  several  years  prior 
thereto.  A  letter  written  from  {Quebec,  to 
be  found  in  the  London  Chronitle  for  Aug. 
7-9)  '777i  "ys,  "Major  Gordon,  Chief 


Entiineer,  goes  home,  and  is  succeeded  by 
Capt.  Twiss  ot  the  same  corps;"  and 
the  same  paper  for  Aug.  5-7,  i-yy 
under  date  of  Aug.  6,  says,  "Col.  Gor- 
don, lately  arrived  from  J^uebec,  was 
presented  to  the  King  at  St.  James,  and 
had  the  honour  of  a  conference  with 
his  Majesty."  He  became  a  lieut-  col- 
onel in  the  army  Aug.  29,  1777,  and  a 
sub-director  of  engineers  and  major  in 
that  corps  Dec.  18,  1778.  His  last  pro- 
motion was  Nov.  20,  1780,  when  he 
was  made  a  colonel  commandant  of  En- 
gineers, or  simply  colonel,  an  that  grade 
afterwards  was  known,  and  hi.  name 
appears  in  the  Army  Lists  for  the  last 
time  in  1787.  He  married  a  Phil- 
adelphia lady  named  Hannah  Meredith, 
by  whom  he  had  four  sens  and  c-.-l 
daughters,  and  one  of  his  sons  subse- 
quently b«ame  a  major-general  in  the 
army.  His  descendants  still  survive, 
[Haddftt's  Journal.  J 


■  \ 


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^f 


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114 


P.fUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


i 

I 


I 


, 


Si 

IN 


same  question  and  received  the  same  answer. 
Finally,  he  wrote  to  the  Brigadier  General  for  the 
Judge  Advocate.  The  latter  arrived.  The 
officer  was  to  be  summoned  ;  but  it  was  said  that 
he  was  sick  in  quarters  at  Longueil,  but  would 
put  in  an  appearance  in  three  days.  But  he 
came  not.  At  length,  it  was  determined  that 
the  examination  should  begin.  I  asked  for  and 
procured  an  English  ofj.cer  who  could  speak 
German.  The  investigation  began.  It  was 
translated  into  French  and  submitted  to  the 
General  by  the  Major.  At  the  close  of  the  in- 
vestigation I  was  asked  by  the  Major  why  I  did 
not  pronounce  sentence  on  my  man  ?  I  an- 
swered that  "they  should  iirst  examine  the  offi- 
cer; and  then  I  would  leave  it  to  himself  to  say 
whether  or  not  the  prisoner  was  guilty." 

Lieut.  Dufais  was  accosted  in  the  court- 
yard at  Head-quarters,  (where  I  would  not 
go)  by  the  General  and  questioned  about  this 
case.  The  latter  was  forced  to  acknowledge 
that  he  had  reason  to  be  perfectly  satisfied 
with  us  in  every  respect  so  far  as  regarded 
our  duty ;  but,  in  this  particular  case,  "  we 
should,"  he  said,  "have  entered  a  complaint; 
for  it  was  not  gracious,  neither  was  there  any 
occasion  to  take  satisfaction  into  our  hands." 
In  reply,  Lieut.  Dufais  wanted  to  know  "against 
whom  we  should  enter  complaint .?  for,  among 
so  many  people,  we  could  not  know  the  officer 


II 


« ^^ 


PjmCH'S  JOURNAL. 


"5 


who  assailed  our  man  :  and  that  it  would  be 
ridiculous  to  complain  oF  any  one,  by  chance, 
without  knowing  the  offender  :  also,  that  these 
affrays  occured  a  hundred  times  in  this  place 
between  the  men  \i.  e.  yours  and  ours,  but  who 
could  tell  the  naines  of  those  who  run  away  like 
boys!!"  Now,  however,  there  is  trouble  all 
around;  and  we  still  remain  in  disfavor  with  the 
General,  on  account  of  the  talk  and  remarks 
there  have  been  concerning  this  affair. 

The  General  said,  he  would  have  the  case  in- 
vestigated. We  answered,  that  it  would  be  im- 
possible, if  conducted  in  the  English  language. 
If,  however,  they  had  no  confidence  in  a  Court- 
Martiai  composed  of  officers  of  the  Hanau  Regi- 
ment, there  was  a  German  General  of  the 
Brunswick  troops  here,  who  would  certainly 
investigate  the  matter  impartially.  This  propo- 
sition seems  on  the  point  of  being  accepted,  and 
appears  to  meet  with  approval.  In  view  of  this, 
a  note  has  been  sent  to  his  Excellency  Gen. 
Carleton  at  Quebec :  and  His  Excellency  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  and  Gen.  Riedesel  will  be  here  in  a 
few  days,  so  that  the  case  may  then,  possi- 
bly, be  decided. 

Maj.  Williamson  got  it  into  his  head  that  he 
could  order  mc  to  forbid  my  men  going  out  in 
the  evening  with  their  sabres.  But  I  told  him 
that  I  would  not  dare  receive  such  an  order  from 


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PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


any  one  except  my  Gracious  Prince,  and  there- 
fore I  could  not  obey  liim  :  further  :  that  should 
I  meet  any  one  of  my  men  either  during  the  day 
or  at  the  time  for  retiring  at  9  o'clock,  going  to 
his  quarters  without  his  sabre,  I  should  have  him 
flogged  the  next  morning.  I  further  said,  that 
it  was  a  standing  order  at  our  Capital,  where 
four  or  iive  battalions  were  collected  at  a  time, 
that  no  soldier  in  uniform  should  be  without  his 
side-arms. 

Since  then,  I  have  never  been  asked  to  do  this; 
and  in  fact,  it  would  fare  ill  with  my  men  were 
such  an  order  enforced  —  since  were  they  to 
depend  on  boxing  for  protection,  some  would 
return   to  Germany  cross-eyed  and  some  blind  ! 

The     most     friendly     feeling     and    unaniiriity 
exist  between  the  Royal  Artillery  and  the  subal- 
terns and  privates  of  my  Company.     This  state  of 
affairs  I  am  endeavoring  to  maintain  and  foster 
with  the  greatest  care  and  particularity. 

My  powder-flasks  are  all  warped  in  conse- 
quence of  the  dampness  of  the  hitteaux  and  the 
wretched  weather  ;  and  they  canDf.t  be  repaired 
in  this  place. 

The  General,  who  lately  examined  the  arms 
of  my  Company,  said  that  he  finds  the  carrying 
of  catouches  very  cumbersome  and  hard  on  the 
men.     The   General    is  right ;  especially    as   re- 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


117 


gards  the  piece  of  wood  attached.  I  told  him 
I  had  already  sent  an  humble  statement,  regard- 
ing this  very  thing  to  my  Prince,  and  hoped  to 
be  able  to  discard  the  powder-flasks;  but  if  the 
General  desired  it,  I  would  have  the  cartridges 
attached  to  the  white  straps.  The  first  day,  he 
merely  alluded  to  it.  The  next  day,  he  spoke  of 
it  again,  saying,  I  would  do  well  if  I  could  free 
the  men  from  this  piece  of  wood.  I  was  very 
glad  to  have  the  suggestion,  for  the  wooden 
contrivances  were  not  at  all  ornamental,  and,  on 
account  of  the  expense,  I  could  not  procure  new 
ones,  although  the  old  ones  had  become  warped 
out  of  all  shape.  I,  therefore,  had  the  cartridges 
fastened  to  the  belts  until  such  time  as  I  should 
have  further  orders  from  his  Highness,  the 
Prince  —  which  will  come  in  the  future.  They 
are  now  the  prettiest  cartridge-pocket  one  can  see 
or  wish  for.  They  look  very  nicely  on  the  men 
who  have  now  entirely  destroyed  the  catouch- 
boxes. 

17.  In  the  afternoon.  His  Excellency,  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  and  staff  arrived  here. 

18.  Al  Reception  was  held  to  welcome  him  at 
half  past  twelve.  It  was  then  and  there,  that 
the  Major  General  and  chief  of  the  Royal  Artil- 
lery in  Canada,  with  great  condescension,  praised 
the  Company  entrusted  to  me,  for  its  appearance, 
discipline  and  the  service  rendered.  He  also 
praised  the  Company  for    its   iine   cannon-drill ; 


'  i 


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i 


ii8 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


and  introduced  Lieut.  Dufais  and  myself  to  the 
members  of  his  stafE  The  fmyj  other  two 
officers,  whom  he  had  not  introduced  because 
they  could  not  speak  French,  were  presented  by 
one  of  his  adjutants  who  spoke  good  German. 
His  Excellency  was  very  gracious  and  expressed 
his  gratification  at  the  good  report  made  of  us  by 
Gen.  Phillips.  He  gave  us  also  the  assurance  of 
his  future  good  will. 

17.  I  received  an  order,  dated  May  17th, 
1777,  translated  from  English  into  German. 

Maj.  Gen,  Phillips  received  the  following 
order  dated  "  Head-quarters  at  Quebec,  May 
10th,  1777,  from  His  Excellency  and  Com- 
mander-in-chief Gen.  Carleton. 

"  His  Majesty,  the  King,  has  graciously  de- 
termined to  send  on  an  expedition  a  Detach- 
ment of  the  army,  under  the  command  of  Lieut, 
Gen.  Burgoyne,  to  consist  of  Grenadier  and  Light 
Infantry  from  the  following  Regiments,  viz: 
the  24th,  9th,  20th,  2ist,  47th,  53d,  and  62d. 
Fifty  men  from  each  of  the  above  specified 
Regiments  are  to  remain  behind. 

"  Of  the  German  troops,  a  detachment  of  Sam- 
aritans' to  the  number  of  650  men,  in  the  same 

'  Not  quite    clear.      Huwever,  as  tlic  sea  byliis  Journal,  often   expresses   kiin- 

Geimans    use     the     term    "  Good  Sam-  self  with  consiilersble  originality,  and   it 

aritan"     as     vvc   us«  it,     it  is  very  proba-  would  be  just   lilvc   him   to  usi  thi«  ex- 

ble  lli.it  llic    word  is  here  used  to  denig-  preision  tor  a  hoipital  guard. 
nate  the  Hospital  Guard.    Pauich,  at  we 


.i\ 


PJUSCH'S  JOVRNAU 


.119 


proportion,  will  also  remain  behind.  The  first 
named  corps  is  to  hold  itself  in  readiness  to  march 
upon  receiving  the  first  order  from  Lieut.  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  from  which  time,  all  reports  are  to  be 
made  to  Gen.  Burgoyne  as  Commander-in-chief. 
The  Detachment,  consisting  of  the  fifty  men 
from  the  above  mentioned   Regiments,  too-ether 

with  I  Captain,  2  Subalterns  and  inferior  officers 

in  the  proportion  as  set  down  for  each  Recriment 
will  rendezvous  at  the  Head-quarters  of  their 
respective  Regiments,  and  will  remain  there 
until  further  orders.  The  Artillery  with  its 
staff,  the  General  Hospital  Department,  and  the 
Commissioners,  are  to  send  in  at  once  a  Report 
stating  whether  or  not  they  are  supplied  with 
every  necessary  for  a  campaign. 

"Capt.  Foy, 
'^  Adj:   Genr 

Respecting  that  miserable  rascal  and  head- 
smith.  Brads,  I  received  the  following  order, 
dated  the  i6th  of  May,  1777. 


« 


Sir  : 


"It  seems  a  very  extraordinary  proceeding  to 
hold  under  arrest  for  many  months,  a  soldier  for 
the  sake  of  punishing  him,  as,  by  this  means,  the 
particular  service,  for  which  he  was  destined, 
will  suffer  greatly  by  his  detention.  It  is  very 
likely  that  this  was    not  contemplated    by    the 


1  1 


\  j! 


I      , 


If! 


' 


,    ! 


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V 


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120 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


ViM 


Treaty,  that  a  soldier  should  receive  pay  and 
provisions,  and  yet  not  render  any  service  while 
under  employ. 

"  I  cannot  interfere  in  this  affair  ;  and  I  have 
accordingly,  given  orders  that  the  Smith  shall 
be  liberated  according  to  the  wish  of  Brig.  Gen. 
Gall :  and  in  making  use  of  his  services,  you  will 
do  with  him  as  you  and  the  Brigadier  shall  judge 
the  most  proper. 
"Montreal,  May  1 6th,  1777. 

"  W.  Phillips, 

"  Major  General. 

"  P.  S.  You  will  have  the  goodness  to  make  a 
Report  of  this  to  the  Brigadier." 

It  being  post-day,  when  I  received  this,  I  sent 
the  above  order  in  the  original  to  Berthier  to 
the  Brigadier  General,  saying  I  waited  his  orders 
as  to  what  I  should  do  in  the  premises.  The 
General  left  it  with  me  whether  or  not  to 
have  him  re-arrested.  I  left  him,  however, 
undisturbed,  as  he  was  in  the  employ  of  the 
King — saying  I  would  first  await  orders  from 
my  Chief  at  Berthier.  At  the  same  time,  I  gave 
it  as  my  opinion  that  the  fellow  had  already 
been  somewhat  punished  ;  and  as  I  did  not  wish 
to  belittle  the  General,  the  wretch  had  better  be 
released  from  further  punishment,  and  allowed  to 
continue  at  his  work. 


6 

|i        1 

V 

11 


PJUSCH'S  yoURNJL.  ,2  I 

In  time  of  war,  I  find  sentences  of  this  kind 
out  of  place,  as  long,  that  is,  as  the  offence  is  not 
a  criminal  one.  Prompt  punishment— -such  as 
running  the  gauntlet,^  whipping,  or  confining  in 
fetters  for  a  time— is  the  best  that  can  be  done  on 
these  occasions,  as  by  these  light  punishments, 
the  service  does  not  suffer. 

19th.  Brought  to  a  close,  the  1 9th  of  May,  1777 
in  the  Winter- quarters  at   Montreal.      It  looks' 
now,  as  if  we  were  on  the  point  of  starting  I  on  the 
Expedition] ;  and,  perhaps,  we  will  really  do  so 
before  the  end  of  the  month. 


Continuation  of  the  interrupted  Journal,  which  was 
forwarded  [to  Germany \  from  Montreal. 

2ist.  A  grand  Review  was  held  by  His  Ex- 
cellency, General  Burgoyne,  who  arrived  here 
on  the  17th  from  Quebec.  The  Review  con- 
sisted of  all  the  Artillery  here  in  garrison, 
which  IS  composed  of  three  Royal  Companies 
and  my  own.  It  was  similar  to  the  one  held 
here  last  Winter  by  His  Excellency,  General 
Carleton. 

For  this  reason,  I  forward  with  this  an  ap- 
pended Report  of  Gen.  Phillips,  signed  by  me 
and  marked  "  L.  A.  ;  "  one  by  His  Excellency 


122 


PJUSCIPS  JOURNAL. 


\  !! 


Gen.  Bargoyne,  signed  by   Gen.   Phillips  ;  and 
one  by  Major  Williams,  also  signed  by    myself.' 

At  the  close  of  the  Review,  Gen.  Phillips, 
through  one  of  his  adjutants,  expressed  his  grat- 
ification at,  and  his  thanks  for,  the  valuable 
services  rendered  by  my  Company  from  the  first 
hour  to  the  present  time.  He  also  ordered  these 
sentiments  to  be  stated  to  each  man  of  the  Com- 
pany individually.  I  immediately  complied  w^ith 
his  wishes,  so  far  as  the  officers  were  concerned ; 
and  the  latter  in  turn,  announced  it  to  the  men. 
After  this  had  been  done,  the  General  delivered 
a  long  address,  in  the  English  language,  to  his 
own  Artillery,  which,  so  far  as  I  could  make  out, 
was  nearly  of  the  same  general  tenor. 

This  Review  was  held  on  the  Heights  behind 
the  Fauburg  de  Recollets,  and  continued  from 
10:30  to  12:30.  When  it  ended,  the  Company 
returned  to  their  Barracks. 

23d.  The  Review  of  the  29th  Regiment  was 
held  at  the  same  place.  This  regiment  was  in 
garrison  here  this  Winter ;  and,  it  is  said,  will  re- 
main in  its  present  quarters  for  the  entire 
year.     As  yet,  all  is  quiet  in  this  garrison. 

30th.  The  Grenadiers  and  Light  Infantry, 
who    were  in   Winter-quarters  here    [Montreal] 

*  This    Journal    as    before    observed,     that  personage  from  time  to  time,  as  an 
was  written  tor  the  eye  of  the  Prince  of    opportunity  occurred. 
Hesse-Hanauj    and    was    forwarded    to 


PyfUSCH'S  JOVRNJL. 


123 


have  started  to-day  on  their  march  down  to  the 
River  Sorel.  At  the  present  time  of  writing,  it 
IS  rumored  that  their  destination  is  as  far' as 
Chambly,  St.  John's  and  the  Isk  aux  Noix, 
where  the  advance-guard  is  to  await  the  com- 
ing of  the  main  army— after  which  it  [the  ad- 
vance-guard] is  to  march  further  on. 

28th.  Last  Wednesday,  the  28th  Inst,  an  Artil- 
lery company  (the  oneof  Capt.  VVachers)  belong- 
ing to  the  advance-guard,  marched  in  the  same 
direction,  viz  :  the  River  Sorel,  and,  thence,  will 
go  up  the  River.  As  it  is  still  impracticable  to 
transport  our  baggage  over  land,  we  will  very 
likely  have  to  make  use  of  the  two  rivers  for  our 
advance. 

June  3d.  As  I  have  just  now  ascertained  from 
Capt.  Gerlach  of  the  Engineers,  all  the  German 
Regiments  have  broken  up  their  quarters  and 
have  started  for  Sorel,  whence  they  will  be  con- 
veyed on  batteaux  further  up  the  Sorel  River  to 
their  place  of  destination. 

May  30th.   I  received  the  following  orders  : 


First  Order. 

"His  Excellency,  General  Burgoyne,  directs 
that,  without  exception,  no  officer  shall  take 
with  him  any    more  baggage   than  he  is  in   ex- 


n 


^ 


f<ji«aet^*^ 


i 


\ 


t 

111  I 


1^ 


■  ft  f 


124 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


tremc  need  of.  The  officers  are,  therefore, 
ordered  to  deposit  their  baggage  where  it  will 
be  safe. 

"The  officers  of  the  English  Artillery  offer  to 
take  charge  of  the  equipage  of  the  officers  of  the 
Hessian  Artillery  with  their  own.  By  the  ex- 
press orders  of  General  Burgoyne,  no  more  than 
three  women  can  be  taken  with  each  company." 

The  other  order  relates  to  the  Infantry,  and 
has,  therefore,  nothing  '  ^  do  with  the  Artillery. 


June  2d.  Second  d  DEi.  ^rom  Maj.  Gen. 
Phillips. 

"Montrealy  June  2d,  1777. 

"The  British  Artillery  will  set  out  next  Thurs- 
day for  Longueil;  and  the  Hessian  Artillery 
will  be  prepared  to  set  out  Friday,  the  6th,  or 
Saturday,  the  7th. 


"Clieland." 


« 


Lieut,  and  adj. 

''Royal  Artillery^ 


On  the  30th  of  May,  His  Excellency,  Lieut. 
Gen.  Carleton  and  Suite  also  arrived  here  from 
Quebec. 

»Samuel  CleaveUnd,  Lieut.  7th  Reg.     lery,  Oct.  30,  1775  5  Capt.  in  the  j6th 
of  Foot,  March  a6th,  17735  Col.  Artil-     Reg.  of  Foot,  May  »4th,  1776. 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


'25 


4th.  This  being  the  greatest  holiday,  viz  :  the 
birth  day  of  his  Majesty,  the  King  -  a  salute 
of  twenty-one  guns  was  fired  from  the  citadel. 
The  29th  Regiment  of  Infantry,  here  in  garri- 
son and  which  turned  out  on  the  Champ  de 
Mars;  three  general  detachments  of  the  English 
Artillery  also  stationed  here;  together  with  my 
Company,  marched  to  the  citadel  and  paraded  in 
honor  of  the  day. 

At  the  close  of  this  military  display,  the  higher 
officers,   namely,  his  Excellency,  Carleton,   Bur- 
goyne  and  Maj.  Gen.  Phillips,  with   their    staffs, 
repaired  in   a    body  to   the   citadel.      There,    at 
their   order,     the  English     gunners    charged    a 
six    pounder   with    one   of  our  style  of  wipers, 
first  with  blank  cartridge'  then  with  ball.    These 
wipers,    and   the  manner    in  which    they    were 
handled    in     working    the    cannon,    met    with 
approval  ;  and  they    will,  in   all  probability,    be 
adopted    by    the  English    Artillery    in    Canada. 
During  the  salute,  Maj.  Williams  asked  me  to 
come  to   his  quarters  at  5  o'clock  this  afternoon 
both  to  receive  orders  for  our  march,  and  to  learn 
of  the  arrangements  made  for  our  transportation. 
It  is   now  a  quarter   past  three  o'clock  ;  and   in 
an  hour  and  three-quarters  I  shall  find  out  what 
I  wish  to  know,    and  be   able   to   add  it  to    this 
day's  Journal. 

»  Literally  <•  blind  wipers."  ' 


■' 


li 


9   '' 


I  I 


\ 


4  fc 


126 


PAUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


At  5  o'clock,  I  received  no  further  orders, 
excepting  that  a  trial  of  minute-firing  would  be 
held  at  the  citadel  in  presence  of  the  whole 
body  of  Generals  with  a  6  pound  English  cannon, 
only  4  feet,  9  inches  long  (Kass'),  and  served  by 
English  Artillerists ;  and  also  with  one  of  my 
cannon  5  feet,  1 1  inches  long,  worked  by  my 
men. 

The  English  managed  to  fire  eleven  times, 
and  my  men  twelve  times  (A^.  B.  After 
each  discharge  the  gun  is  spunged  out).  If 
I  could  have  omitted  the  wiping,  which  dur- 
ing minute-firing,  is  never  practised,  and  kept 
right  on  firing,  as  it  would  have  been  the 
proper  way  to  do,  I  certainly  could  have 
fired  nineteen  to  twenty  times.  But  as  the 
other  side  started  the  thing,  I  could  not  pos- 
sibly avoid  doing  the  same.  They  have  intro- 
duced the  custom  of  dipping  the  wiper  in  a 
bucket  of  water  under  the  cannon.  This, 
however,  is  of  no  advantage,  as  it  only  in- 
creases the  dampness,  and,  after  a  while, 
causes  a  tough  gum  to  form  inside  of  the  gun 
which  adds  to  the  labor  and  retards  the  firing. 
I  know  by  experience  how  the  "  Chevalier 
Pfalz^  Artillery  "  for  a  long  time  used  this  pre- 
caution, more  detrimental  than  useful  —  Since  it 
caused  accidents   which  were  only  avoided  after 

•  Kass,    an    abbreviation    for    Cassel.     Germiny  according  to  the  district. 
Meaning  by  Cassel  measurement — as  the 
foot,  as   well  as  other  measures,  vary   in         '  Electoral  Palatinate. 


\  ^ 


PJUSCirS  JOURNAL,  127 

the  custom  had  been  done  away  with.  The 
custom  has,  therefore,  been  abandoned  [by  us] 
years  ago,  in  fact  more  than    twenty.     - 

I  hav«,  also,  advised  those  here  —  by  whom  I 
could  be  understood  —  to  give  the  practice  up  ; 
but  whether  my  well  meant  advice  will  be 
heeded  or  not  I  do  not  know. 

^  Shortly  after  this  exercise,  the  above  men- 
tioned Generals  sent  the  English  Artillery  Adju- 
tant, Lieut.  Clieland'  to  me  with  their  compli- 
ments. At  the  same  time,  they  expressed  their 
entire  satisfaction  both  at  our  Artillery  itself,  and 
at  the  manner  and  agility  with  which  our  can- 
non were  handled  ;  and,  as  they  wished  to  in- 
troduce the  same  method,  they  desired  me  to 
give  and  to  cause  to  be  given  all  necessary  advice 

and  assistance,  in  order  that  their  artillerists  might 

also  be  enabled  to  work  as  well  and  as  rapidly  as 

mine.     This  latter  request,  I  respectfully  prom-  -j 

ised  to  fulfill ;  the  more  so,  because,  a   year  ago, 

they  were  very  kind  to  my  Company  in  showing 

us    their  methods  of  loading  and  handling  the 

cannon, 

5th.  The  remainder  of  the   companies  of  the  ; 

English    Artillery    who    were   here  in  garrison,  .      ' 

having  gone  by  way  of  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Lon- 
gueil,  and  who  will  go  thence  to  our  place  of 
rendezvous  at  St.  Johns,  I  shall  be  left  behind 

•  See  previous  note. 


i 


I 


J 


128 


PAUSCirS  JOVRNAL. 


% 


f  h. 


till  we  meet  there.  The  time  for  me  to  march 
is  now  set  down  for  the  8th  or  9th  of  this  month, 
when  I  shall  go  to  Longueil,  and  there  await 
the  necessary  authorization  papers  to  march,  by 
way  of  La  Prairie,  to  St.  Johns.  There  is  no 
doubt  that  these  strong,  well  formed  men,  who 
look  as  if  they  had  been  picked  out  of  an  army, 
will,  in  a  short  time,  learn,  and  do  as  well  and  even 
better  than  my  small  but  very  attentive,  willing 
and  excellent  men  ;  for  the  former,  according  to 
their  fashion,  have  great  ambition,  more  so,  in- 
deed, than  the  rest  of  the  troops. 

Last  evening,  the  4th  Inst.,  all  the  houses  in 
Montreal,  and  in  the  suburbs  of  Quebec,  St. 
Lawrence  and  Recollet,  were  illuminated,  on 
account  of  its  being  the  greatest  National  festi- 
val, viz  :  the  birth-day  of  his  Majesty,  the  King  ; 
and  each  citizen  had  a  feu  de  jot  [bon-fire]  in 
front  of  his  dwelling.  There  was  continual  gun 
and  pistol  firing  from  sunset  till  one  o'clock  the 
next  morning.  Those  who  did  not  illuminate 
their  windows  were  in  danger  of  having  them 
broken  by  stones;  consequently,  those  houses 
which  were  not  illuminated  were  few  and  be- 
longed to  those  who  were  too  poor  to  do  so,  for 
they  certainly  were  not  Rebels. 

7th.  In  the  evening  I  received  the  two  follow- 
ing orders  from  Maj.  Gen.  Phillips  : 


vgsp 


PAUSCirS  JOURNAL.  ^^Q 

''Montreal,  June  yth,  i  jjj, 
''Captain  Paus'ch:  Commander  of  the  Hesse  Uanau 

Artillery. 

"You  will  start  with  the  company  of  Hesse- 
Hanau  Artillery  from  Montreal  on  Tuesday  the 
lothinst,  crossing  the  River  at  Loneueil  You 
will  march  also,  on  the  following  dav,  to 
Chambly  and  St.  John's.  At  this  latter  place 
you  Will  receive  four  field  cannon,  which  will 
torm,  under  your  orders,  the  Artillery  Brigade 
and  which  will  be  attached  to  the  left  wint  of 
the  Army  The  orders,  concerning  this  matter, 
have  already  been  sent  to  IMaj.  Williams. 

"You  must  see  Lieut.  Barmer,  Asst.  Quarter- 
Master  General,  in  order  to  have  some  boats  for 
the  transportation  of  your  baggage  to  the  other 
side  of  the  River  ;  and  i^r  carts,  vou  will  have 
to  apply  to  Maj.  Gen.  Dupres,  who  will  furnish 
you  with  all  you  require  both  for  the  service 
and  tor  repairs.  * 

■  "The  Artillery  of  Hanau,  consisting  of  three 
held-cannon,  are  to  be  left  at  Montreal  under  the 
command  of  an  officer  who  is  to  take  char^^e 
until  he  receives  other  instructions  Yo"  v  il  1 
also,  take  such  things  with  you  as  you  need  and 
may  particularly  desire  ;  and,  if  you  think  it  best 
two  carts  of  ammunition.  ' 

17 


11 


-^      ■ 


f? 


i 


130 


PAUSCWS  JOURNAL. 


'•  Meanwhile,  the  officer  has  to  report  for 
orders  to  Col.  St.  Leger,  who  will  determine 
what  orders  shall  be  at  once  given. 

*'Dated  at  Montreal  June  jth. 

*W.  Phillips,  Maj.  Gen.' 


''Montrea/y  June  8//6,  1777. 


"Dear  Sir : 


"As  it  is  not  entirely  certain  that  the  Chas- 
seurs, who  are  expected  to  arrive  from  Europe, 
and  are  destined  for  the  secret  expedition  under 
the  command  of  Col.  St.  Leger,  are  from  Hesse- 
Hanau,'  and  as  the  Regiment  of  Ilessc-Hanau 
may  not  send  off  any  detachments  hired  for 
that  purpose,  do  not  send  any  detachment  for 
service.  It  is  the  opinion  that  the  Artillery 
Company  ot  Hesse-Hanau,  under  your  orders, 
will  embark  with  the  Expedition  under  Lieuten- 
ant General  Burgoyne.  You  will,  therefore, 
move  with  all  the  companies  of  Hesse-Pianau 
(as  previously  advised)  on  Tuesday  the  10  Instant. 
The  cannon  must  be  left  in  charge  of  an  officer 

'  The  result,  however,  proved  thit  tht:  1777,  for  Canada.     One  ot"  these  com- 

Ch.isseurs  did  come  from   Hesse  Hanau.  pmies,    consisting    ot"   342  men  and   all 

According  to  Col.  Jlainsfurd's  "  Journal  of     them   trained    rifiemen,   was  in     St. 

as    Commissary    for    embarking    foreign  Leger's    Expedition  —  detailed   for    that 

troops    in    the  English  service    for  Ger-  purpose    by    Carleton    acting  under    the 

many,"  three  companies  of  Hanau  Chas-  orders  of  Lord  Germain, 
seurs    sailed   from    near  Dort,  April  16, 


PAUSCH'S  JOURSfAL. 


'31 


who  will   take  care  of  them,  following  the  first 
instructions  he  received  from  Montreal. 

"To  A/,  yl.  Capt.  Paiischr 

The  other  order  which  I  received  at  the  same 
time,  was  as  follows  : 

"Dear  Sir: 

Lieut.  Col.  St.  Leger  is  the  Commander  of  an 
army  corps,  to  which  will  be  attached  a  body  of 
cavalry,  which,    they   say,  are   Hessians.     These 
latter  are  expected  to  arrive  shortly  and  are  to  go 
upon  a  secret  Expedition.'     It  is  therefore  neces- 
sary that  two  cannon  be  adde.i   to  the  cavalry  on 
their  arrival,  as  they   are  ordered  to  follow  the 
route  of  Lieut.  Col.  St.  Leger  in  conformity  with 
the    instructions    they    will    receive    from   him. 
You  will,   accordingly,  have  to  give  your  orders 
for  one   officer,  two    under-officers,  and  sixteen 
artillerists  of  Hesse  Hanau,  who  are  to  await  the 
arrival   of  the  corps  of  cavalry,  in  order  to  join 
them  and  receive  the  instructions  of  the  com- 
manding officer.     You  are   also  to  see  to  it,  that 
two  pieces  of  Hanau  Artillery,  with  200  charges 
of  ammunition  for  each  piece,  (in   the  propor- 
tion of  two-thirds   round-ball  and  one-third  of 
cartridges  for  the  Artillery),  are  provided  —  also, 
every  thing  necessary  for  repairs  on  the  way. 

•  This  body  of  cavalry  either  did  not     manded,   as    no  cavalry    were  with    St 
arrive  in  time,  or  the  order  was  counter-     Leger  in  his  expedition. 


'   r 

I'l 

1 

Ml    i: 


VS' 


. 


l^ 


13 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


You  will,  likewise,  give  the  order  who  is  to 
take  charge  of  the  Artillery,  and  hand  it  over  to 
the  commander  of  the  cavalry  on  his  arrival; 
and  you  are  also  to  order  twenty-four  {24)  sol- 
diers to  be  attached  to  the  same  Artillery,  and  to 
provide  for  every  thing  which  this  corps  may 
require.'" 

The  army  smithey  is  at  St.  John's.  Two  of 
my  ammunition-wagons  and  all  of  my  cannon, 
with  the  rest  of  the  Artillery,  are  at  Montreal. 
At  the  same  town,  also,  are  the  chests  of  the 
officers  and  all  the  stores  of  clothing.  I  left 
wagon-master  Kaiser  and  an  artillery-man  in 
charge.     We  are  using  English  cannon.^ 

Concerning  the  Action  of  the  i()th  of  Sept.  1777,  ^^^ 
Freeman  s  Farm  near  Stillwater  on  the  Hudson 
River. 

Sept.  19th.  On  the  morning  of  the  19th  of 
September,  1777,  the  entire  army,  with  th  ex- 
ception of  the  Regiment  oi  Hesse-  Hanau  which 
formed  the  rear  guard  for  the  protection  of  the 
artillery  and  baggage,  began    a  forward  move- 

'  There   is   no    signature    to    this   List  Seit,    and    the    7th     )f  Octi)ber,   1777. 

letter;   and  there  seems  to  be  some  con-  This    is    probably   caused  —  not    by    the 

fusion,  also,  in    the  d.ites  of    the    letters,  missing  portion  having  been  lost,  as  may 

as   undf  r  the   "  7th,"  I-'ausch   receives    a  have  been  the  case  previously,  but  by  the 


letter   d.ited    the   8th,    I    give   the    icxt 
however,  exactly   as  it  is  in  the  origina 


fact,  that  the  writer  had  no  time  to  con- 
tinue the  Journal  ;  as  he  was  continually 
on  the  march  iVoni  this  time  until  those 
•There  is   here  again  a   break    ni    the      battles. 


Journal  until  the  icrions  of  th'!  19th  of 


1.^11 


PJUSCH'S  JOVRNAL. 


m 


ment.'     The  batteaux,  also,  followed  along  the 
Mudson  with  the  provisions. 

The  disposition  of  the  march  was  the  same  as 
on  the  17th,  viz  :   in   two  columns  :   the  one  on 
the  right   [under  Fraser]  consisting  of  the  Roval 
troops,    penetrated    the    mountains    and    woods 
roads  and    paths  :   the  one   on   the   left,  took  the 
plains  along  the  Hudson/     Presently,  we  came 
across  a  demolished  bridge  over  a  swampy  ditch  ' 
After  a  short  halt,  during  which  the  bridge  was 
in  the  least   possible  time  repaired,   we  rc^sumed 
our  march,   which,  however,  was  of  brief  dura- 
tion •    for    in    a    little    while    we    encountered 
another  demolished  bridge,   which  we   also  had 


'This  advance  be^an  ("rum    "Sword's 
House."         The  site  of  this  house  is  on 
the  south  bank  of  a  sprin-  brook,  about 
fifty  yards    west  of   the   Hudson    river 
and  a  few  rods  north  of  tiie  south  line  of 
the  town  of  Saratoga.      It  niav  be  readilv 
found  from  being  about  thirty  rodj  north 
of  a  highway  leading  from   the   Hudson 
rner  road  westerly,  which  Jiijiway  is  the 
first  one  nurtli  of  Wilbur's  Basin.      This 
highway  was  nearly  the  same  at  the  time 
of  Burgoyne's  visit  in  1777,  as  it  is  now. 
it  IS  on  land  now  owned   (1886)   by  a 
Mr.    Chase,   about  three   miles  soutli   „f 
Schuylerville.     All   t.-ces  of  it  are   n  .w 
obliterated,  save  a   pile  of  brick,   and    i 
slight  depression   in   the  soil   where  wji 
the    cellar.      A    sou  uf   the  Sword    wli  > 
owned  this   hou-;-,  an  i    who  was   born  .1; 
tort  George,   .Sa;jtoga   Co.,  N'.    V,   1,, 
came  a^  book.seiler  in    New   York   cuv 
and  his'tablct  is  still  to  be  seen  in  Tririr  !• 
Church,    New    Vork  City.        Tl^.^e  ,; 
our  readers  who  are  interested   enouj;h    .1 


this  subject  to  follow  Pauuh,  should  con- 
sult "The  Military  Journals  of  Gen. 
Riedescl,  a,w  "  Burgoyne's  Campaign," 
wnere  every  step  of  Burgoyne's  progress 
IS  described  and  annotated  in  full. 

'There  were  reaP.y  th,,e  columns, 
Haser  took  the  extreme  right  on  a  ridge 
(here  spoken  of  as  «  the  mountains  ")  ; 
Burgoyne,  the  centre;  anl  the  German' 
under  Riede.el-  including,  of  course 
Fausc^  s   Artillery  _  the  "  plains  along 


rhe    Hudson: 


river-bank. 


i      or,    more  properly,    the 


iThis  bridge  was  over  the  creek  thit 
ia.1  into  the  Hudson  at  a  place  now 
i.8:S6)  called  "Wilbur's  Basin"  M 
this  time  it  was  .juite  a  Urge  stream, 
but  having  ..ince  been  diverted  into  the 
CMamplam   canal   it  is   at   present  only  a 

i's'Sxl?''-      y,"   '":'   '"  "'''^h    'his 
•s    (!)iS6j  owned  by  a  Mr.    Hoag. 


! 


! 


'If 


I 


134 


PJVSCtrS  JOURNAL, 


to  replace  by  a  new  one.'  While  thus  engaged, 
we  heard  firing  in  the  direction  of  our  right 
wing.  It  was  then  about  one  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon.  At  first  it  was  musketry,  but  soon 
we  heard  cannon  also.  This  firing  soon  at- 
tracted our  attention  by  its  rapid  increase ;  and 
Gen.  Phillips,  who  was  with  our  column,  hast- 
ened at  once  to  the  right  win^  for  the  purpose 
of  accelerating  its  march.  Soon  after  he  had 
gone,  Gen.  Riedesel  detailed  two  companies  of 
the  Regiment  Rhetz,  under  command  of  Capt. 
Von  Friedendorf,  to  a  hill  in  front  and  a  little  to 
the  right  of  us,  which  they  occupied,  at  the  same 
time  reconnoitring  the  terrain. 

The  picket  of  our  right  wing  had  met  the 
advance-guard  of  the  enemy ;  *  but  the  latter 
being  superior  in  numbers,  caused  our  pickets  to 
fall  back  under  the  protection  of  their  advanc- 
ing column.  This  incident  was  the  beginning 
of  an  engagement,  which,  in  a  short  time,  grew 
into  a  stubborn  battle.  Gen.  Riedesel  sent  one 
of  his  adjutants  with  orders  for  his  own  Regi- 
ment to  march  with  dispatch  to  the  scene  of 
conflict;  it  being  his  intention  himself  to  place 
the   men   in   position.      Scarcely  had   this    Regi- 

'  This  second  bridge  was   about    1,500  one,   from    the  fact   tlut    it  was   thcf*- 
feet  from  tlie  bridge  just  mentioned  (Wil-  ticmc   SQutlier'i    limit   on  the  river    bank, 
bur's  Basin)  and  fifteen  feet  north  of  the  reached  by  Burgoyne's  army  in  hi#  ex- 
first  canal  bridge  south  of  Wilbur's  15asin.  pedition. 
Its  site  IS  now  occupied   by  the  Cham- 
plain  canal.     This  point  is  an  important  '  Under  Morgan, 


v. 


-1 -___JL- 


PJUSCH'S  JOVRNJL. 


^3S 


ment  marched,  when  another  adjutant  of  the 
General  arrived  with  the  order  to  send  him  two 
cannon.  Everything  being  quiet  in  front  of 
our  left  wing,  I  started  with  two  cannon,  am- 
munition and  a  cart  containing  shovels,  picks, 
etc.,  etc. 

Leaving  Lieut.   Dufais  with    the  cannon  and 
baggage,  and  giving  him  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions, I  hastened  up  the  hill,  where  I  found  the 
above  mentioned   regiment.     I  nlaced   my  can- 
non   in  such  a  position    that  I  might  be   enabled 
to   use   them    advantageously   in    case   of    need. 
The  General,  before  my  arrival,  had  made  use 
of  two  companies  of  the  Regiment  Rhetz  for  the 
protection  of  the  right  wing  of  that  regiment,  by 
making  them  construct  a  hedge  of  branches  and 
trunks   of  trees,  etc.,   etc.     He  also   sent   Lieut. 
Reislin,  with  a  small  detachment,  to  a  hill  in  our 
front,  sparsely  covered  with  trees  and  brushwood, 
with   orders  to   give   timely   notice  in   case   the 
enemy  showed  signs  of  occupying  it.     For   this 
purpose,  he   was    to  send   out    patrols;    and   in 
case  of  being  attacked   in  force,  he    was  to   fall 
back  on  his   regiment.     In  the  mean  time,  wc 
were  to  keep  perfectly  quiet  in  our  lirst  position. 

The   General,  at  the  same   time,  sent  a  subal- 
tern, with  four  men  as  a  patrol,  for  the  purpose  of 
establishing     communication    with     those    who 
were   in  action,  that  he   might  the   more   easily 
march   to   their  assistance  in   case  of  necessity. 


M 


!J 


■ii 


; 


u 


:!lill 


136 


PJVSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


!  I 


The  first  not  returning,  he  sent  a  second  and 
again  a  third  in  rapid  succession,  fearing  that  the 
first  patrol  might  either  have  lost  its  way  or 
been  destroyed. 

The  firing  seemed  to  draw  nearer ;  from 
which  one  might  infer  that  our  right  wing  was 
retreating.  Accordingly,  without  waiting  longer 
for  the  report  of  the  patrols,  which  had  not  yet 
come  back,  we  left  our  position^  and  marched  for 
about  a  quarter  of  an  hour  in  the  direction  of 
the  firing.  We  then  formed  in  line  of  battle,  I 
placing  the  two  cannon  in  the  road  which  led 
into  the  woods.  The  fences,  which  lay  to  my 
left,  I  had  already  quickly  thrown  down  in 
order  that  the  enemy,  on  his  approach,  might 
not  hide  behind  them.  This  was  our  second 
position. 

Meanwhile,  Major  von  Geismar,  who  was  yet 
on  the  staff  of  Gen.  Riedesel,  was  sent  by  the 
latter  to  see  if  there  was  any  possibility  of  reach- 
ing Gen.  Burgoyne  and  informing  him  that  he 
stood  here  in  readiness  with  his  own  Regiment, 
two  companies  of  the  Regiment  Rhetz  and  two 
6  pound  cannon,  and  that  he  was  only  waiting  for 
orders  to  reinforce  him.  In  the  meantime,  the 
patrols  returned  one  after  the  other.  The  second 
patrol  having  reported  that  the  communication 
between  us  and  the  troops  in  action  was  open, 
the  General  [Riedesel  |  marched  at  once  toward 
the  right. 


i 


mmmm 


wmm 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


137 


^  He  choose  this  way,  in  order  to  make  a  divi- 
sion on  the  right  flank  of  the  enemy.  He  also 
ordered  the  march  to  be  beaten  on  the  drums 
which  caused  the  men  to  cheer  repeatedl/ 
After  descending  the  hill  we  met  von  Geismar 
on  his  return  with  orders  from  Gen.  Burgovne 
directing  Gen.  Riedescl  to  attack  the  enemy  on 
their  right  flank,  aiid,  if  possible,  to  follow  them 
up.  Ihis,  nowever,  we  were  prevented  from 
domg  both  by  the  woods  and  the  swamps  behind 
which  the  enemy  were  hidden.  I  was  also  to 
go  to  the  right  wing  of  the  21st  English  regi- 
ment. ^  ^ 

My  wagon-master,  who  was  now  well  mounted 
was   sent   ahead    to   find  a  way    through  a  corn- 
iield,    that    we     might    avoid    the     ditches    and 
swamps  and  not  get  stuck  in  them. 

Under    a    showei    of   the    enen.y's    bullets,   I 
safely  reached   the  hill  just  as  the  21st  and  oth 
Kegiments  were  about  to  abandon  it.      Neverthe- 
less, I  continued  to  drag  my  two  cannon  up  the 
hill,    while   Gen.   Phillips  exhorted   the  English 
Regiments,   and  the   officers    their   men,  to   face 
the  enemy.       English  captains  and  other  officers 
and  privates   and   also  the   Brunswick   Chasseurs 
which  happened  to  be  detailed  here,  grasped  the 
ropes.      The  entire  line  of  these  regiments  faced 
about,  and  by  this  faithful  assistance,   my  cannon 
were   soon    on    top    of  the    hill.     I    had    shells 
18 


i 


UBII 


11 


»     ■ 


1       f| 

I 


138 


PJUSCH'S  JOURMJL. 


brought  up  and  placed  by  the  side  of  the  cannon ; 
and  as  soon  as  I  got  the  range,  I  fired  twelve 
or  fourteen  shots  in  quick  succession  into  the  foe 
who  were  within  good  pistol  shot  distance.' 

The  firing  from  muskets  was  at  once  renewed, 
and  assumed  lively  proportions  particularly  the 
platoon  fire  from  the  left  wing  of  Riedesel. 
Presently,  the  enemy's  fire,  though  very  lively  at 
one  ♦'ime,  suddenly  ceased.  I  advanced  about 
sixty  paces  sending  a  few  shells  after  the  flying 
enemy,  and  firing  from  twelve  to  fifteen  shots 
more  into  the  woods  into  which  they  had  re- 
treated. Everything  then  became  quiet  ;  and 
about  fifteen  minutes  afterwards  darkness  set  in.* 


'  Gen.  Riedes*!  in  his  memoirs,  pays 
t'le  following  tribute  to  Paiisch  at  this 
critical  period  of  the  action.  He  says  : 
"  when  Gen.  Riedesel  arrived  at  the 
eminence  [the  hill  up  which  Pausch  also 
had  clain'uered]  the  battle  was  raging  tiie 
fiercest.  The  Americans,  far  superior  in 
numbers,  had  for  the  sixth  time,  hurled 
fresh  troopj  against  the  zoth,  21st  and 
62d  Enij.  regiments.  Tlie  guns  of  this 
win'^  wertf  already  silenced,  there  being 
no  more  ammunition  and  all  the  artillery 
men  having  been  either  liilled  or  wounded 
*  *  *  Meanwhile,  Captain  Pausch. 
arrived  with  his  ijuns  at  the  right 
moment,  and  forming  into  line  with  the 
r.nglish,  opened  fire  with  gr.ipc  shot. 
The  Regiment  Riedesel  alio  arrived  at 
the  nick  of  time,  and  joining  the  two 
comp.inics  on  the  ditch  [/.  e.  those  from 
the  Regiment  of  Rhetz  already  sent  for- 
ward] considerably  extended  the  line  of 
fire." 

•There  can  be  no  question  that  the 
day   w»i  saved    to  the   English   or  rather 


thht  they  were  kept  from  a  most  disas- 
trous defeat,  solely  by  the  timely  arrival 
of  Riedesel  with  his  men  and  the  cannon 
of  Pausch  Eraser,  who  was  a  witness  of 
this,  in  a  journal  circular  to  all  the  Eng- 
lish Generals,  gave  the  fullest  acknowl- 
edgments to  the  German  troops  :  and  yet 
Stedman  —  considered  by  many  and 
among  them  the  deservedly  high  au- 
thority, Gen.  de  Peyster  —  par  ex- 
cellence the  most  accurate  historian  on 
the  British  side,  could  falsify  history  by 
closing  an  account  of  this  action  as  fol- 
lows :  •*  The  German  troops,  in  conse- 
quence of  their  position  the  leaving  of 
which  was  not  considered  advisable,  did 
not  take  a  great  part  in  this  engagement. 
After  the  beginning  of  this  action.  Gen. 
Phillips  made  his  way  through  the  dense 
woods,  a  proceeding  that  was  of  great 
advantage." 

And  in  still  further  confirmation  of 
the  substantial  aid  given  to  the  British 
at  a  very  critical  time,  I  received  just  after 
penning  the  above  paragraph,  aletter  from 
my  friend  Mr.  Jno.  J.  Dalgleish,  F.  S.  A. 


uuiujllviwilKRsm^nMMM^Rg;!!^ 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


^S9 


I  now  replaced  my  ammunition  from  that  of 
the  English  wagons  at  the  foot  of  the  hill.  The 
loss  of  the  Royal  Artillery  in  to  day's  action  was 


of  Ediaburgh,  Scotland,  enclosing  an  ex- 
tract from  a  MS.  Journal  kept  by  his 
Grandfather,  Lieut.  John  D.ilgleish  of 
the  2ist  Regiment,  during  the  campaign 
of  Burgoyne.  Speaking  of  the  writer  of 
this  Journal,  Mr.  Dalgleish  says : 

"  My  Grandfather  whn  had  previously 
been  in  the  old  Scotch   Brigade  in   Hol- 
land, left   that  service   finding  there  was 
neither  work  to  do  nor  promotion   to  be 
had  by   that   time    in    that   once   famous 
corpi,  and  joined  in  1776,  the  aist  North 
British  Fuzileersof  the  British  Army  and 
had  the    misfortune   to   be   one   of  those 
who   surrendered  with    Burgoyne    on    18 
Oct.,  1777.     I  was  always  aware  that  he 
had  served  in    America,  but  my   Father 
who  was  a  reticent    man    never   used   to 
refer  to  the  subject,  and  I  had  not  unfor- 
tunately during  his   life  the  curiosity  to 
speak    with   him,   on  the  subject.     (My 
Grandfather  died— in   1829— before  my 
birth,    after  attaining    the  command    of 
his  regiment  in   which  he  served  in   the 
West    Indies,  and  from  which   retired  in 
1797.)      My  grandfather's    military   ser- 
vant,  who  had   followed   him  from    the 
Dutch  Brigade  was   killed  on    19   Sept., 
1777  in  the  battle." 
Extract    from    Lieut.    Dalgleish's 
Journal. 
"  Arrived  at  Quebec  the    8th  of  June 
and  landed  a  day  or  two  afterwards  :   re- 
mained there   doing   garrison    duty  along 
with  the  other  additional  companies  until 
the    1 2th    of     August    when     we    were 
ordered    to     march    to    join    the    army. 
After  a  long    march,   with  a  sailing  over 
the  lakes,  we  joined  the  army  vinder  the 
command   of  Lt.    Gen.       Burgoyne    the 
3d  September  at   Fort  Edward,   remained 
8  or  10  days,  came    up  with    the    enemy 
the    19th    instant    at    Freeman's  Farm'. 
Our   picket   engaged   the  above   till   one 


o'clock  and  were  repulsed  upon  [which  .'J 
the  advanced  corps  went  up  and  beat  the 
E  of  the  ground  :   about  z  [o'clock]  the 
2 1st  and  62d  Regts., were  ordered  up  as  the 
enemy   h«d  got  a  reinforcement   and  had 
returned  to  the  charge.      Sometime  after- 
wards   the    loth    Regt.    was  ordered    in 
(mistake)  up  to   support  the  two   former. 
The    engagement     continued     very    hot 
until   about    sunset   when    the    Germans 
came  up,  upon  which  the   enemy    were 
glad    to  get  off  in    the    dusk  in    evening 
and  left  us  masters  of  the  field  of  battle  : 
next  day  part  encamped  on  the  above  men- 
tioned ground   and  the  other  on  the    left 
of  that.     Remained   there   until   on    the 
8th    of    October   [AV.   The    Battle   was 
on    the    7th]    a   strong   party    was    sent 
out    to  try  if  a    hill     [The    hill  or   ridge 
from   the  top   of  which   Muryan   rushed 
down    with    his    men    and    flanked   the 
troops   of    Gen.     Eraser    and   Lord    Bal- 
carias.       See    Stone's     £uri^oyr:e's     Cam- 
paign.l    to    our    right   and    south    could 
not  command   the  enemy's   camp       We 
were     obliged    to    retire    into   our    c.imp 
again.      Began     our    retreat    same    night 
and    came  to   the    rising   grounds  round 
the    Hospital   where    remained    all    next 
day.       There     were     several    shots     ex- 
changed   on    both   tides.     9th.   at   night 
continued  our  retreat  to  Saratoga,      i  ith. 
Entrenched  ourselves  there.      A  conven- 
tion    proposed    on    15th    or    i6th    and 
agreed    to    the    17th    same    month    and 
signed    by   both    parties,    /.    <•.,  by    Gcu, 
Burgoyne    and    Mr.      Gates    the     Genl. 
We  began  our  march  the  18th,  for  Cam- 
bridge and    arrived    there    i8th    of  No- 
vember.     Sept     2d    (1778)   still    in    this 
situation    and    ordered   to    Rutland  :    ar- 
rived    here    [there  ?]     the   4th    instant. 
Nov.  II,  1778  was  ordered  to  marcli  for 
Charlottesville  in  Virginia  a  march  of"  600 


smwmx^mmnmm 


11! 


I 


14.0 


PAUSCH*S  JOURNAL. 


very   severe.     One,-  Capt.    Johns,   was   mortally 
wounded  and  died  the  next  morning. 

Brigade  Major,  Capt.  Bloomfield,  received  a 
shot  through  the  cheek  under  the  tongue.* 
Nearly  all  the  rest  of  Gen.  Phillip's  adjutants 
were  wounded;  also  some  of  Gen.  Burgoyne's 
adjutants.  Over  thirty  men  of  the  Royal  Artil- 
lery are  either  dead  or  wounded  (among  them 
not  one  under  10  inches,')  all  of  them  fine  look- 
ing men.  A  numher  of  them,  also,  died  on  the 
field  of  battle,  who  measured  11  to  12  inches. 
Some  are  still  alive  ;  others  dead. 

I  am  the  only  cne  in  the  detachment,  of  all 
my  fellow  officers,  who  was  so  fortunate  as  not 
even  to  have  a  horse  either  killed  or  wounded  — 


miles.  We  .iriived  here  at  Charlottesville 
(in  Albemaile  county)  tlie  Jan.  1779. 
Remained  tliere  untilthe  aj  Nov.,  1780, 
when  we  niaiched  into  iV'iaryland  and 
that  day  several  of  the  olii^ers  J"a  word 
Jlegible]  tncy  were  exch.uigeil,  ot  uliith 
•appy  number!  was  one  .md  arrived  safe 
1  New  York  the  l6t*!  Dtcenibcr, 
780." 

The  following  was  found  among  the 
papers  of  the  writer  of  the  above  by  liis 
grandson  : 

"  I  do  certify  that  Lieutenant  Dal- 
gleish  of  the  aist  Regt.,  was  regularly 
Exchanged  for  Lieutenant  Joshua  Bian- 
aj^  of  the  Connecticut  Militia  at  New 
York  the  3d  day  of  November  1780. 
(Signed) 

Jos.    LORINC. 

"  Com.  Gen/.  I'lisrs. 
"To  whom  it  may  concern." 


-  Mrs.  Ricdesel  thus  speaks  of  Bluom- 
ficM's  wound  :  *'  I  undertook  the  care  of 
Major  Bloomfield,  Adj.  ot  Gen.  Phillips, 
through  both  of  whose  clieeks  a  small 
musket  b.ill  had  passed,  shattering  his 
teetii  and  gr.izmg  his  tongue.  He  could 
hoiii  nothing  whatever  in  his  mouth.  The 
matter  from  the  wound  almost  choked 
him,  and  he  was  unible  to  take  any  other 
nouiishmcnt,  except  a  little  broth.  We 
had  Rhine  wine.  I  gave  him  a  l>ottle  of 
it,  in  hopes  that  the  acidity  ot  the  wine 
would  cleanse  his  wound.  He  kept 
soms  continually  in  his  moutli ;  and 
that  akne  acted  so  bcnehcially  that  he 
became  cured,  and  I  again  acquired  one 
more  friend.  Thus,  in  the  midst  of 
my  hours  of  my  caie  and  buttering,  I  de- 
rived a  joyful  satisfaction  which  made  me 
very  ii.ippy."  For  a  sketch  of  Bloom- 
field see  note  ante. 


'Jones,     Pausch's   old    friend.       See         3 /'.  ?.  5  feet,  10  inches. 
note  on  page  79. 


31^: 


■OS 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


141 


to  say  nothing   of  not   having  a  man  wounded 
and   only  a  trifling  loss  of  a  i^v^  knapsacks   con- 
taining some  small  articles  of  clothing. 

The    losses  on  our  side  are   very  considerable 
for  the  reason  that  the  enemy,  during  the  whole 
engagement  which  lasted  half  an  hour,  continu- 
ally brought   up  fresh    brigades,   and    thus  had  a 
constant  supply  of  iicsh   men.      The   enemy  are 
reported  to  have  num  )ered  from  8  to  9,000  men 
It  was   impossible  to  discover  the   enemy's  losses 
on   the   battle-field,   as   each   retiring   brigade  is 
said  to  have  taken  with  it,  its  dead  and  wounded 
An  exception  to  this,  however,  was  the  last  one 
on  the  field.     This  brigade  could  not  be  relieved 
and,  consequently,  was  obliged  to   leave  its  dead 
and  wounded  in  the   woods  in  front  of  our  right 
wing.     Our  small   party  of  Indians   had  a  fine 
time  the   next  morning  in   plundering   and  (ac- 
cording to  their  wretched  custom)  scalping  them. 

With  the  approaching  night,  we  received 
orders  to  fall  back  and  camp  in  a  piece  of  woods 
in  our  rear,  near  a  road  which  leads  from  the 
Hudson  to  Freeman's  house  and  farm,  where 
to-day's  engagement  took  place.'  I  was  to  en- 
camp between  the  9th  and  21st  Regiments. 
1  he  whole  army  bivouacked  ;  and  as  I  passed  the 
place  where  Gen.  Phillips  was  stationed,  he  de- 

'The  locality  thus  designated  yet  re-     and  is  owned  and  otcui^ied   ^iSSfi\  K„ 
ta.n,   the  name  of  .'Freeman's  Farm."     farmer  of  the  name  ;r>S)miaL;'S.ond! 


:i 


f  I 


li 


m 


Si 


1 1:1 


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i- 


142 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


sired  to  know  what  artillery  brigade  was  going 
by  ?  I  replied  that  it  was  a  detachment  of  my 
own ;  whereupon  I  immediately  received  his 
compliments,  together  with  expressions  of  his 
personal  satisfaction  in  regard  to  the  action  of 
to-day. 

Gen.  Adj.  Capt.  Clark,'  received  similar  assur- 
ances from  his  Excellency,  Gen.  Burgoyne,  the 
same  evening  ;  and  the  following  morning,  I  re- 
ceived, through  Gen.  von  Riedesel,  the  same 
marks  of  satisfaction,  in  regard  to  myself  and 
men,  from  Gen.  Burgoyne.  This  I  faithfully 
communicated  to  my  detachment,  announcing  it 
to  the  oldest  and  the  youngest. 

I  cannot  pass  unnoticed  the  excellent  and  in- 
trepid courage,  as  well  as  the  indefatigable  labor 
of  the  two  artillerymen  Hausmann  and  Miiller  ; 
also  a  wagon -master  Ziglamm.  The  latter, 
although  it  was  not  his  duty,  not  only  stood  the 
fire  without  flinching,  but  helped  to  unload  the 
carts,  which  stood  fifteen  paces  in  the  rear,  that 
there  might  be  no  lack  of  ammunition.  Under 
a  shower  of  ballets  he  reconnoitred  the  road  on 
our  march  up  the  hill;  and,  as  the  cannon  had  to 
be  drawn  mostly  by  men,  he  continually  sought 
for  opportunities  where  horses  could  be  used  to 
advantage.     The  only  one  who  lagged  behind, 

'  Sir    Francis  Gierke.     This    mistake     written   C/ari.     He    was    killed   in    the 
probably    arose  from    the  fact    that    the     action  of  the  7th  Oct. 
English  pronounce  the  name  Gierke  as  if 


PAVSCirS  JOURNJL. 


H3 


was  the  celebrated  wagon  army  surgeon,  and, 
perhaps,  formerly  mountebank' and  charletan' 
Unger  -—  I  suppose  he  has  been  all  this  ere  now  • 
for  he  has  constantly  '*your  Excellency,"  "Your 
Grace,  etc.,  etc.,  on  his  tongue.  He  is  a  "  bad 
egg"—  such  as  could  scarcely  be  again  found  in 
the  whole  Roman  empire.  He  discovered  a 
safe  place  and  stayed  behind  with  his  bundles  of 
bandages  and  lint.  He  also  found  a  drum,  and, 
m  company  with  some  English  drummers,  got 
as  drunk  as  a  beast. 

The  position,  so  dearly  bought,  was  occupied 
according  to  command.  Every  body  remained 
under  arms  during  the  night,  but  not  another 
shot  was  heard.' 

20th.  The  next  morning  all  the  wounded 
were  carried  from  the  battle-field  on  provision 
and  Infantry  ammunition  wagons,  past  us  to  a 
hospital  on  the  Hudson,  consisting  of  tents  and 
former  stables.  I  wish  they  had  been  taken  by 
some  other  route;  for  it  is  ;an  unpleasant  sight 
for  all  soldiers,  causing,  as  it  does,  reflec- 
tion, and  awakening  in  them  timidity  and  even 
fear  of  the  future.^  There  are  daily  about 
twenty  or  more  deaths. 

'  "The  Britiih    and   German     troops  challenging    of    the    sentriei  " 

bivouacked  on  the  battle-field,  the  Bruns-  -  -       ■ 

wickers    composing    in     part    the    right 
wing.     It  was  a  silent  night.      No  other 

sounds   were  heard    except  the  groaning  „.,    ..._,,      — ,,     wnen,    m 

and    sighmg    of  the  wounded,  and   the  speaking  of  affairs  in  the  British  camp 


-     -  "  Tht 

German  Auxiliary  troopi  in  Amirica.'" 

'  It  is  to  this  same  incident,  undoubt- 
:dly    that      Anburey      refers,     when,    in 


144- 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


^■Jk 


■X  I 


S    ' 


Im 


The  dead  were  buried  on  the  field  of  battle, 
instead  of  on  the  hill,  because  breast-works  were 
thrown  up  there.'  Our  good  and  earnest  army- 
surgeon,  Heidelbach,  (whom  Counsellor  Schultze 
recommended  to  the  service  of  our  Prince  and 
for  which  we  cannot  be  too  grateful)  came  early 
this  morning  to  me,  kindly  hoping  to  be  of 
assistance  to  our  wounded  if  we  had  any.  But 
thanks  be  to  God,  I  had  not  one  man  with  the 
least  complaint.  From  here  he  went  to  the 
battle-field,  where  the  last  massacre  had  taken 
place.  On  his  return,  he  told  me  that  behind 
the  enclosure  to  the  right  he  had  seen  over  fifty 
dead  bodies,  but  was  prevented  from  going  fur- 
ther by  a  fellow  whom  he  saw  leveling  a  gun  at 
him.  He  thought  it  best,  therefore,  to  leave. 
Shortly  after,  a  few  Englishmen  and  Germans 
came  over  to  my  quarters,  who  stated  that  they 
had  counted  about  250  dead  and  living,  but 
badly  wounded,  enemies.     They,  however  were 


just  after  the  action  of  the  19th,  he  says : 
"This  f'licndly office  to  the  dead,  though 
it  greatly  affects  the  feelings,  was  noth- 
ing to  the  scene  in  bringing  in  the 
wounded:  the  one  were  past  all  pain, 
the  other  in  the  most  excruciating  tor- 
ments, sending  forth  dread/ul  groans. 
They  had  remained  out  all  night,  and 
from  the  loss  of  blooJ  and  want  of  nour- 
ishment, were  upon  the  point  of  expiring 
with  faintness ;  some  of  them  begged 
they  might  lay  and  die,  others  again  were 
insensible ;  lome  upon  the  least  move- 
ment were  put  in  the  most  horrid  tor- 
tures, all  had  near  a  mile  to  be  conveyed 


to  the  hospitals ;  others  at  their  last 
gasp,  who  for  want  of  our  timely  assist- 
ance must  have  inevitably  expired. 
These  poor  creatures,  perishing  with  cold, 
and  weltering  in  their  blood,  displayed 
such  a  scene,  it  must  be  a  heart  of 
adamant  that  could  not  be  affected  by  it, 
even  to  a  degree  of  weakness." 

'  The  dead  were   not  all  buried,  since, 
as  we  are  told  by  Anburey  who  was  there 
the  first  two  nights  after  the  action   wer 
rendered  hideous   by  the  howls  of  larg 
packs  of  wolves  that    were  attracted  by 
the  unburied  bodies  of  the  slain. 


;.'S 


pjc/scirs  youRNJL. 


^^5 


unable  to  go  farther  having   been  several   times 
shot  at. 

This  afternoon,  the  whole  army  is  to  turn  out 
in  a  body.      In  consequence  of  an    order   I   re- 
ceived,  I  sought   the  left  wing  of  the  German 
Division,  where  I  found  Lieut.  Dufais  encamped 
with  two  other  cannon,  which  were  silent  during 
yesterday's  action.      I    now   posted    my  brigade 
according  to  my  best  judgment  on  this  mount, 
and  then  encamped  with  the  entire  company  on 
a  line  close  behind  my  two  cannon.     My  brigade 
consists,   at    present,    of  only    two    6    pounders 
under    my  command    on    the  left  wing  of  the 
army.     Two   more  6  pounders   are   detailed   for 
the  use  of  the  Brunswick  Grenadier  Battalion  von 
Breymann,  which,  with   the   Chasseur  Battalion 
and  the  compiny  of  Yagers  (that  is,  what  is  left 
of  It)  under  command  of  Lieut.  Gen.  von  Brey- 
mann covers  the  right  flank  of  the  army  and  is 
called   the   "corps   Breymann."      We    are   now 
encamped  on    Freeman's  Farm  near  Stillwater 
At  Stillwater  stands  the  hostile  army  consisting 
It  IS  said,  of  i2,ooo  men  in  an  entrenched  camp 
fenced  in  by  an  abattis,  and  occupying  a  very  ad- 
vantageous   and     strong    position.^      The    right 

•  The  traces  of  Breymann'.    intrench-  however,  is  a  misnomer.     Froperly   it  is 

meats  are   yet  to  be  seen   very    plainly.  Brkymann's  H.li..     It  was  at  the  no    h 

They  he  about  twenty  rod^  north- we.t  of  west  corner  of  this  emi«ence  th  t  Arnlld 

Mr.  Esmond  s  farm-house      The  place  is  was  wounded  in  the  action  of  Oct   7th 

a  rocky  mound,  considerably   elevalcl  by  ' 

nature,  and  is  known  by   the  farmers  in  'Selected  and  fortified  by  Kosciusko 

the  vicinity  as  "  Burgoyne's  Hill."    This  ^  'vosciusKo. 

19 


mRPiHi 


1 


1  '' 


ill. 


146 


P/IVSCWS  JOURNAL. 


wing,  resting  on  a  mountain,  has  the  Hudson  for 
an  appagement^  and  is  thus  protected  by  it.  The 
adjacent,  though  not  large  pl:\in,  and  also  the 
road  to  Albany,  are  defended  by  strong  detach- 
ments as  far  as  the  river.  In  the  thickets,  in 
the  overgrown  gorges,  and  in  the  ravines  at  the 
foot  of  the  mountain,  are  also  strong  detach- 
ments which  compose  their  pickets  and  senti- 
nels. By  means  of  these  pickets  and  sentinels 
they  throw  out  their  outposts,  as  it  were,  in  a  line, 
and  from  which,  also,  they  send  out  their 
patrols.  One  can  see  nothing  of  their  camp  or 
entrenchments  owing  to  the  dense  forests  which 
hide  them.  The  left  wing  of  the  enemy,  ac- 
cording to  report,  reaches  far  beyond  our  right 
wing  and  outnumbers  it.  They  are  said  to  be 
encamped  behind  thick  woods  in  an  abattis  and 
a  fortified  camp.  It  is  .also  said  that  every  day 
and  every  hour  their  numbers  arc  augmented  by 
the  arrival  of  militia  from  the  adjoining  pro- 
vinces. According  to  the  statements  of  deserters, 
they  number  over   12,000. 

The  left  wing  of  our  army,  under  Gen.  Ried- 
esel,  rests  on  a  mou.icain  opposite  the  right 
wing  of  the  enemy,  and  is  also  in  a  forest.  My 
lour  6  pounders,  to  the  left  but  ^\\  the  side  of 
the  hill,  are  there  for  the  protection  of  Capt. 
Schachten  of  the  Grenadier  Company  of  the 
Hesse- llanau  Regiment.  Contiguous  to  the 
left  wing  of  the  army  one  officer  and  fifty  men 


1^ 


ivimp 


hmri 


31 


9Sl 


PJUSCH'S  yOURNJL.  j.y 

of  the  Regiment  Hanau  are  stationed  close  to 
the  Hudson  on  the  plain,  in  front  of  a  brid<(e  on 
the  road  to  Albany'  behind  a  little  Tete  dc  pont. 
Five  to  six  hundred  paces  further  on  and  in  front 
of  a  house,  a  subaltern  and  ten  men  are  like- 
wise stationed.  This  forms,  as  it  were,  a  chain 
from  our  pickets  to  the  Hudson. 

Behind  our  left  wing,  down  on  the  plain 
which  borders  the  river)  stands  the  Park  of  our 
leavy  Artillery,  our  ammunition,  provision  and 
baggage  train,  and  our  hospital  and  batteaux, 
together  with  a  few  companies  of  the  47th  Eng. 
Reg.  —  partly  in  a  fortified  caaip,  partly  not. 

Between  our  left  wing  and  the  enemy's  right 
are  a  swamp  and    a   very   deep   ravine,    covered 
with  heavy  bushes  and  trees,  which  begins  at  my 
post   (where    are  the   Regiments   Rhetz,  Specht 
and  Riedesel),  and  extends  to  a  point  where  the 
ravine  is  not  so  deep;  and  thence  to  an  eminence, 
thus  surrounding  a  few   English   regiments,    to- 
wards the    right.      Our  army  is  thus  encamped 
according  to  the  natural  formation  of  the  land. 
Farther    to    the    right,    and   across   a   valley   or 
ravine  which  divides  our  line,  begins  the  English 
camp.      This    extends   farther    to    the    right,   in 
front  of  a  piece  of  woods,   and   through   a  large 
field  of  Indian  corn  to  Freeman's  house.      On  the 
height  occupied  on  the  19th  of  Sept  ,  Brig.  Gen. 
Eraser    is    encamped,     who,    with    the    English 
Grenadiers  and    the    Light    Infantry,  forms  the 


148 


PJUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


ft  =1 


\    I 


; 


right  wing.  At  a  pretty  fair  distance  from 
Fraser  is  stationed  Lieut.  Col.  von  Breymann 
with  his  Battalion  of  Grenadiers,  the  Battalion  of 
Barner,  and  the  company  of  Yagers  in  front  of 
whom  are  encamped  the  Indian,  Canadian  and 
Albanian  volunteers  who  have  their  outposts  in 
front  of  the  whole  of  this  part  of  the  line.' 

Altogether,  including  English  and  Germans, 
our  army  (prima  plana)  numbers  5,000  men,  ex- 
clusive of  the  few  Indians  (the  most  of  whom 
strayed  away  and  returned  to  their  huts),  and  ex- 
clusive, also,  of  the  garrisons  left  at  Carillon,  St. 
John,  Chambly,  [Montreal  and  the  whole  of 
Canada.  Theso  garrisons  number  at  the  most 
4,000  men. 

2ist.  There  was  an  alarm  this  morning  among 
the  men  who  were  chopping  trees  in  the  woods 
for  the  purpose  both  of  making  a  clearing  in 
front  of  the  army,  and  of  opening  up  a  commu- 
nication between  the  pickets  and  outposts.  It  is 
very  evident  that  we  are  exceedingly  near  the 
enmy's  camp,  for  we  can  hear  their  drums  dis- 
tinctly. To-day  they  iired  salutes  of  thirteen  to 
fourteen  guns,  and  we  could  repeatedly  hear  their 
joyful  exclamation  **  Hurrah  !  Hurrah  !  !  "  The 
cause  of  their  celebrating  this  festival  is  at  present 
unknown  to  us. 


•The    Albanians,    however,    did  not     aad    Sept. — See  Gen.    Riedesel,   vol.   I 
reach  Burgoyne  until  two  days  later,  the     page  1 54. 


PJUSCirS  JOURNJL. 


149 


'■  V. 


The  position  of  our  left  wing  was  finished  to- 
day,  and   the    tents  were    properly   pitched a 

sure  indication  that  henceforth  our  march  will 
be  slower,  and  that  a  very  hot  day  [a  battle]  may 
be  expected. 

This  night  a  bridge  was  built  with  our  bat- 
teaux  across  the  Hudson;  and  on  the  opposite 
bank  a  beginning  was  made  on  a  Tete  de  Pont.' 

22d,  This  morning,  the  pickets  of  the  Regi- 
ment Riedesel  brought  in  a  prisoner  who  stated 
that  the  firing  of  yesterday  in  their  camp  was 
caused  by  a  report  that  the  Americans  had  re- 
taken Carillon/  A^.  B.  This  can  be  nothing  but 
a  lie. 


'  Anbury  in  his  travels,  in  his  picture 
of  the  buriil  of  Gen.  Fraser,  gives  a  very 
fine  view  of  this  Tete  di  Pont  mentioned 
by  Pausch.  The  reader  will  find  in 
Lossing's  Field  Book  of  the  American  Re-v- 
olutioii,  a  reduced  copy  of  this  print. 

'  The  origin  of  this  report  was  the  suc- 
cessful raid  by  Lt.  Col.  Brown,  who  four 
days  previously,  on  the  18th,  had  surprised 
the  outposts  of  Ticonderoga  [Carillon], 
set  free  100  American  prisoners,  captured 
four  companies  of  Regulars,  a  quantif  or 
stores  and  cannon,  and  destroyed  a  large 
quantity  of  boats  and  an  armed  si 

1  am  enabled  to  throw  new  ligi  pon 
this  raid  of  Col.  Brown,  at  lenst  from  a 
British  stand-point,  by  the  courtesy  of 
Mr.  J.  H.  Durham  of  Cape  Vincent, 
N.  Y.,  who  has  sent  nie  the  following 
letter — the  original  of  which  he  owns 
and  which  is  now  for  the  first  time 
printed.  Mr.  Durham  "  writes  that  the 
party  to  whom  this  letter  was  addressed 
was  a  clerk  of  Col.  Christie,  Quarter 
Master  Genl    to  hia  Majesty's  forces  in 


America,  but,  who,  not  liking  the  mili- 
tary work  became  a  trader's  clerk  at 
Niagaia.  The  writer  of  the  letter,  came 
over  in  the  same  vessel  with  Goring. 
1  have  the  original  orders  of  Col.  Christie 
assigning  both  men  to  vessels." 

The  letter  is  as  follows  : 
Caklkton  Island,   March  l^th,  :jja. 

Sir  :  Very  agreeably  I  received  your 
letter  dated  Dec.  ist,  which  did  afford  me 
great  satisfaction  to  hear  of  your  agreeable 
situation.  About  a  month  before  I  left 
you  I  was  made  a  Master  Surveyor  at  the 
pay  of  4  stg.  per  day  and  remain  at  that 
pay  still. 

I  have  surmounted  many  difficulties 
along  witii  Gcii.  Burgoycn,  [j;V]  but  es- 
caped being  a  Conveiitioner  by  being  on 
the  top  of  a  high  hill  close  to  Tyconderoga 
where  with  72  Artificiers  I  was  riseing  a 
Korlificalion  on  purpose  to  secure  Gen. 
Uurgoyen's  retreat  it  he  was  obl'd  to  re- 
treat; but  the  unfortunate  Gen.  Burgoyen 
never  could  retreat  so  far  s.uppose  he 
[had]  tryed  it.    But  [he]  was  surrounded  ; 


i  • 


1 

tf' 

* 

ii 

ii.. 

! 

fl^ 


l^> 


III 


150 


PAUSCirS  JOURNAL. 


23d.  This  morning,  also,  a  man  arrived   here 
who  represented   himself  as  a  messenger    from 


no  sooner  had  they  surrounded  the  British 
army  than  a  detachment  of  1500  of  the 
Rebellious  Crew  came  back  to  Tycon- 
deruga  to  retake  it.  Accordingly,  their  first 
attack  was  upon  me  on  top  of  the  mount 
[Mount  Defiance]  of  which  they  took 
and  killed  every  man  of  us  but  9  of 
which  my  brother  and  myself  were  two ; 
after  a  retreat  almost  incredible  to  believe 
without  you  was  to  see  the  Precipes  [pre- 
cipice] and  when  we  came  to  the  water 
tide  our  difficulty  was  to  get  over  to 
Tyconderoga  but  fortunately  I  saw  an 
old  Battoux  which  we  all  got  into  but  [it] 


TiCONDEROGA  IN    1 777 


was  so  leaky  that  she  was  like  to  sink 
witli  us,  but  we  kept  bailing  her  out  with 
hats  and  caps  the  best  way  that  we  could. 
\Vc  iud  no  oars  but  the  thorts  [thwarts] 
of  the  boat  that  we  paddled  with.  In 
this  condition  did  I  make  Tyconderoga 
all  tore  amost  to  pieces.  I  lost  all  my 
clothes  Sc  40  gineas  [guineas]  which  I 
had  in  my  purse  which  I  lost  in  the 
retreate  by  a  stump  that  tore  my  Breeches 
and  thy  [thigh].  In  short  I  lost  above  loo 
pounds  that  morning  for  it  was  about  one 
o'clock  when  I  was  surprised.  As  soon 
at  Gen.  Powell  saw  my  condition  for  he 


'TT^S^^ 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


151 


Gen.  Clinton  to  Gen.  Burgoyne.  He  was  first 
taken  before  Gen.  Riedesel,  who  at  once  sent 
him  to  the  Head-quarters  of  Gen.  Burgoyne, 
which  was  in  the  rear  of  that  of  Gen.  Riedesel.' 


was  Commanding  Officer  he  clothed  me 
and  all  my  few  people  that  was  with  me 
as  some  of  us  was  half  naked  as   we  was 
asleep  when  the  Cowardly  Villians  sur- 
prised us.     Gen.  Powell  commended  my 
Conduct  much  in  regard  to  my  desperate 
Retreate  and   he  gave  me  20  more  Car- 
penters  and  ordered   me  immediately  to 
rise  platforms  that  he   might  be  enabled 
to   mount  more  Cannon,  and    before   6 
o'clock   that  very  night    I  had    16  pieces 
of  Cannon  [mounted]  The  Rebels  keeped 
a  Constant  tire   on  me  from    the  woods 
with  small  Arms  and  wounded  several  of 
my  covering  party  but  never  touched  me 
nor   any  of  the   Carpenters.     A.bout    8 
o'clock    the    Rebels  sent   in  a  Flagg  of 
truse  to  us  but  Gen.  Powell  would  not  see 
[it]  and  ordered  us  to  fire  on  tliem  which 
we  did   and  out  of  5  killed  3,  about    10 
o'clock  they   attacked  us  but  we   always 
drove  them  off  with  loss  ol  men.     This 
way  did  they  lay  seige  to  us  for  five  days, 
then  they   broke   up  the  seige   and  went 
against  Diamond  Island  ["Lossing's  Field 
Book  Rev.,  "  Vol.  i,  p.  1 14]  where  they 
were  totally  beat,  a  few  days  after  we  had 
the  newsof  Genl.  Burgoyens  Army  being 
Prisoners  and  about  3  weekes  after  Genl. 
Carleton  sent  orders  up  to  Genl.  Pjwell 
to   burn  up  Tyconderoga    to   the  ground 
and  return  to  Canada  with  his  men  which 
he  did.     I  came  to  St.  Johns  to  my  for- 
mer station.   Last  Fall  I  came  to  tiiis  place 
along     with  the  Commanding   Knginecr 
Lieut.    Wilm.    Twiss    [lb.    page     134] 
who    is    my   friend.       1     am    in    a    very 
good  place  and  have  made  several  fii-mls 
to  myself  by  my  sobriety  and  attention  to 
my  duty.   I  have  keppit  my  health  in  tliis 
country  very  well.      You  wanted  to  know 
where    the    Bakers    were,    Gallowey     is 
married,  and  is  baker  at  the  Isle  of  Oxe 


Noxe    l^ux    Noix]    a    little    above    St. 
Johns;  Mahon  is  still  at  St.  Johns  Mas- 
ter baker  there  and   both  of  them  doing 
very  well.      Baxter  is  a   Foreman  at  St. 
Johns    and    is    very   well;    Loggan    in- 
sisted upon  his  discharge  but  whether  he 
went  any  further  than  Quebec  is  more 
than  I  can  tell ;  he  got  his  discharge  a  few 
days  before  I  come  here.     This  Garrison 
IS  very  near  finished   and  I  may  venture 
[to  say]  is  the  strongest  post  in  North 
America.      I  hope  it  will  be  an  honor  to 
our  Engineer   and   a  credit  to   the  other 
Master   Carpenters   and    me,   and    every 
Artificier     conserned    in    building   of  it. 
The  commanding  Offir.  of  this  place  has 
quarrelled  with  every  officer  in  this  place 
except  Mr.  Baker,  Capt.   Anderson,  and 
Gill   the    doctor,   so  that  no  officer   will 
speak  to    liim.     I  return   you  my   heartr 
thanks  for  your  usefull  and  generous  pre- 
sent of  Potatoes  and  [you  may]  depend  if 
It  ever  lays  in   my  power  to  serve  you  I 
will,      I  hope  you  will  write  me  at  soon 
as  possible    and  will    much   ol.lidge  your 
most 

Ob't  Humble  Serv't, 
JOHN  CLONES, 
Clerk  and  Foreman. 
To  Mr.  Goring. 

'  Pauschis  corroborated  by  the  Bruns- 
■zvick  'Jounui/,  which  states  that  «'  Bur- 
goyne camped  between  the  English  and 
the  German  troops  of  Riedesel  on  the 
heights  at  the  lelt  wing."  This  state- 
ment, moreover,  receives  additional  con- 
firmation in  the  following  incident.  On 
one  of  my  vis'ts  to  the  Battleground  I 
pointed  out  to  Mr.  Wilbur  (on  whose 
land  we  were  then  standing),  the  place 
designated  by  the  Brunswick  Journal  as 
Burgoyne's     head-quarters.        "That" 


' 


t    i 


il 


m 


'1 


\m 


'! 


|.  ! 


152 


PAVSCirS  JOURNJL. 


In  the  morning,  between  three  and  four 
o'clock,  several  cannon-shots  were  heard.  It  is 
not  yet  known  whether  they  were  signals  made 
by  Gen.  Clinton's  corps  which  was  to  arrive 
from  Gen.  Howe's  army,  or  by  Col.  St.  Leger's 
troops,  who  were  expected  to  cross  Lake  Cham- 
plain  or  St.  George  and  with  whom  it  was  ex- 
pected would  be  our   Yager  Battalion  of  Hanau. 

24th.  To-day,  the  Tete  de  Pont,^  on  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  river,  was  completed.  Everything 
remained  quiet  between  the  two  armies.  An 
entrenchment  of  newly  felled  trees  laid  on  top 
of  each  other  has  been  made.  The  battery  for 
the  cannon  and  howitzers  is  placed  on  the  hill ; 
and  the  openings  between  the  trees  are  filled  in 
with  earth.  On  the  outside,  too,  earth  is  thrown 
over  them. 

The  unpleasant,  and,  in  the  present  situation, 
detrimental  news  is  confirmed,  viz  :  that  Col. 
St.  Leger,  with  his  light  corps  of  expedition  up 
the  River  Mohawk  and  its  territory,  had  to 
abandon  it  in  consequence  of  the  superior  forces 
of  the  enemy  and  the  lack  of  provisions,  and 
retreat  to  Oswego.  We  also  learn  that  he  had 
to  recross  Lake  Ontario  and  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence as  far  as  Montreal.     We  look  for  him  now 

exclaimed  Mr.  Wilbur,  *'  explains  what  to  find    great  quantities  oi  old    gin  and 

I  have   often    wondered    at."     He  then  wine  bottles,  and  that,  until  now,  he  had 

stated    that    when     he    first  plowed  up  often    been    puzzled  to  know  "  how  on 

that  particular  spot,  he  was  accustomed  earth  those  bottles  came  there  !  " 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


153 


with  great  interest  by  way  of  Lakes  Champlain 
and  St.  George.  This  v/ill  be  an  astonishing 
march.  I  wish  to  both  armies  great  patience 
and  pacific  inclinations :  for  during  that  time'  one 
army  can  beat  the  other;  make  prisoners  in 
turn ;  and  even  eat  each  other  !  This  news  is 
only  whispered,  not  spoken. 

It  is  also  surmised,  that  the  news  of  this  ill- 
fated  expedition  of  Col.  St.  Leger's  corps  has 
been  known  here  for  some  time  past,  because  a 
small  and  trusted  detachment  from  our  army 
was  sent  back  incognito  to  bury  a  small  number 
of  batteaux  and  to  "  hill  "  them  like  graves  of  dead 
soldiers,  that  they  might  not  be  discovered  by  the 
enemy.*  ^ 


'While  St.  Leger  is  making  his  march, 

•Intended  for  the  use  of  Col.  St.  Lcgcr. 
It  is  rather  remarkable,  indeed,  how  thia 
singular  bit  of  history  regarding  the  burial 
of  the  boats  \%  corroborated  so  frequently. 

Upon  the  raising  of  the  siege  of  Fort 
Schuyler,  or  Fort  Stanwix,  as  the  public 
always  preferred  calling  it,  St.  Ljger 
hastened  with  his  scattered  forces  back  to 
Oswego,  and  thence  to  Montreal.  From 
that  post  he  proceeded  to  Lake  Champlain 
passing  up  the  same  to  Ticondero^'a  for 
the  purpose  of  joining  the  army  of  Bur- 
goyne.  While  neither  himself  nor  Sir 
John  carried  this  intention  out,  some  of 
their  officers  did,  as  will  be  seen  by  re- 
ferring to  &>  John  Johnson's  Orderly 
Book.  It  is,  however,  very  certain 
that  St.  Leger  fully  intended  to  join 
Burgoyne.  Thus  Gen.  Burgoyne,  in 
a  secret  and  confidential  letter  to  Gen. 
Riedesel  under  date  of  Sept.  lo,  1777, 
writes  as  follows    «« »  *  I  have,  my  dear 

20 


general,  to  intrust  a  little  matter  to  your 
care  during  your  stay  at  Fort  Edward 
I  desire  to  have  two  batteaux  with  their 
oars,  buried  as  quietly  as  possible.  It 
would  also,  be  well  to  shovel  earth  upon 
them  ;  and  to  give  them  still  more  the 
appaarjnce  of  graves,  a  cross  might  be 
placed  upon  each  hillock.  All  this  must 
be  done  in  the  night,  and  only  by  trust- 
worthy soldiers.  The  teamsters  cannot 
be  relied  on.  The  use  for  which  these 
batteaux  are  intended,  is  to  help  Lieut. 
Col.  St.  Leger  in  crossing  the  river,  in 
case  of  circumstances  forcing  him  to 
march  without  his  ships.  This  officer 
has  been  forced  by  the  bad  conduct  of 
the  Indians,  to  retreat  on  the  road  to 
Oswego.  He  has  however,  accom- 
plished this  without  loss,  and  is  now 
on  his  march  to  the  army.  I  have  sent 
him  orders  as  to  the  necessary  measures 
of  precaution  he  is  to  take  upon  arriving 
on  the  island  at  the  lower  end  of  Lake 
George.      If  he   finds    that    the   enemy 


Ml 


1!  I 


■  1'  i 

1 ;  I 


I    Ml 

"I  :i! 


Ht 


ui 


!■  J  r 


lit 


h^^ 


154 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


All  communication  between  us  and  Forts  St. 
George  and  Carillon  is  cut  off;  and  our  front  is 
therefore  better  protected  than  our  rear."  This 
morning  the  advance-guard  of  our  non-commis- 
sioned officers  of  the  Regiment  Hanau,  on  the 
Albany  road  down  by  the  Hudson,  was  aroused 
by  a  hostile  patrol,  but  without  any  loss  on 
either  side.  With  this  exception  all  was  quiet 
on  both  sides. 

25th.  Early  this  morning,  shortly  after  2 
o'clock,  the  above  mentioned  post  of  subalterns 
was  again  attacked  by  the   enemy's  patrol,  three 


are  not  in  the  vicinity  of  the  road 
leading  to  the  army,  and  he  can  keep 
the  march  of  twenty-four  men  a  secret, 
he  is  to  cross  the  river  near  Fort  lidvvard, 
at  the  same  time  notifying  me  in  advance 
of  his  movement,  that  I  may  be  able  to 
facilitate  it  from  mv  side.  I.h"'"'  '^rXi. 
liliii  wijtre  ne  will  find  the  batteaux,  viz. 
inside  of  Fr^rt  Edward.  I  have  given 
orders  to  Brigadier  General  Powell  to 
have  your  reserve  cross  at  the  same  time 
with  Colonel  St.  Leger,  and  to  leave 
those  only  behind  that  belong  to  the 
regiment  of  Prince  Frederick." 

The  sequel  to  this  burying  of  the 
batteaux  is  thus  tuld  by  Dr.  Gordon.  In 
writing  in  regard  to  the  cutting  otfof  Bur- 
goyne  by  Gen.  Stark's  capture  of  P'ort 
Edward,  he  says  :  "  The  Americans  who 
had  been  ordered  there  [Fort  Edward  | 
made  a  discovery,  which  they  greatly  im- 
proved. Below  the  fort,  close  in  witli 
the  river,  they  found  the  appearance  of  a 
grave,   with   an    inscription   on  a   board  j 

'  here  lies  the  budy  of  Lieutenant .' 

They  were  at  a  loss  what  it  should 
mean.  On  searching,  they  discovered 
three  batteaux  [Riedesel  with  his  usual 
prudence,  had,  it  seemed,  buried  three  in- 


stead of  two]  instead  of  a  body.  These 
the  enemy  had  concealed.  Having  none 
of  their  own,  they,  by  the  help  of  them 
sent  scouting  parties  across  the  river  [the 
Hudson]  which  by  falling  into  a  track  a 
mile  and  a  half  beyond,  discouru'^ed  the 
:.iii.uiy\a  puiCi>.6  iiuin  aicempting  an  escape 
that  way  "  Thus,  Burgoyne'sand  Ried- 
esel's  efforts  only  redounded  to  the  aid  of 
their  enemies  !  It  was  undoubtedly  to 
this  action  of  Riedesel  in  burying  the 
batteaux  that  Burgoyne  refers  to  in  his 
"Stale  of  the  Exprdilioi:^"  wlien,in  speak- 
ing of  the  reason  why,  after  the  action  of 
the  19th  of  Sept.,  at  Freeman's  farm,  he 
did  not  immediately  letreat,  he  says: 
"  The  time  also  entitled  me  to  expect 
Lieut.  Col.  St.  Leirer's  corps  would  be 
arrived  at  Ticonderoga  j  and  seeret  means 
had  been  long  concerted  to  enable  him  to 
make  an  efibrt  to  join  me  with  proba- 
bility of  success."  The  boats  here  men- 
tioned by  Pausch,  however,  were  addi- 
tional ones  to  these  mentioned  by 
Riedesel,  and  have  never  been  found. 

'  A  curious  situation  for  an  invading 
army  ! 


I  1 


m 


V 


rs: 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


'5 


times  as  strong,  and  driven  back  upon  the  offi- 
cer's quarters.  Two  of  our  men  were  wounded 
and  one  was  made  a  prisoner.  It  was  afterwards 
learned  from  four  prisoners  taken  by  our  pickets, 
that  seven  of  the  enemy  were  wounded.'  - 

This  incident  caused  us  to  be  on  the  alert.  It 
did  not  last  long,  however,  the  enemy  retreated 
and  all  was  again  quiet. 

There  appeared  at  our  out-posts,  towards  12 
o'clock  at  noon,  two  of  the  enemy's  drummers 
bearing  a  small  white  Hag.  Brig.  Maj.  von  Geis- 
mar  was  sent  to  meet  them,  to  whom  they  gave 
a  letter  addressed  to  Lieut.  Gen.  Burgoyne  from 
Gen.  Gates,  the  commanding  general  of  the 
hostile  army.  They  also  brought  a  package  of 
letters  to  some  of  our  officers  —  very  likely  from 
prisoners  of  war  —  after  the  delivery  of  which, 
they  retired. 

Gen.  Quarter  Master  of  the  Brunswick  In- 
fantry, Capt.  of  Engineers,  Gerlach,  was  sent 
over  the  bridge  with  an  escort  of  about  fifteen 
or   twenty   men  —  volunteers   from    this   region 


'  These  att.icks  were  titcjuent.  On 
the  1st  of"  Oct.,  some  Amciicaii  bkir- 
inishers  surprised  a  party  of  Enj,libii  sol- 
diers, who  were  digying  potatoes  in  the 
rear  ot  ttie  British  he.id-quarters  within 
the  camp  and  cairied  o!f  and  killed  sonic 
thirty  otthein. 

In  fact,  the  Uiitish  camp  was  kept  in 
continual  alarm;  and  officers  and  soldiers 
were  constantly  dressed  and  ready  tor 
action.  One  night  twenty  young  farmers 
residing  near  the  English  camp  and 
armed     with      fowling-pieces,    marched 


stealtliiiy  through  the  woods  until  they 
were  within  a  few  yards  of  tiie  enemy's 
advance  pickei--uard.  They  then  ruslied 
out  from  the  bushes,  the  leader  blowing 
M  old  tin  trumpet  and  the  men  yelling. 
There  was  no  time  for  the  sentinel's 
hail.  "  Giound  your  arms  or  you  are  all 
dead  men  !  "  cried  the  leader.  Think- 
ing that  a  large  force  had  fallen  upon 
them  the  picket  obeyed;  and  the  young 
farm-;rs  led  to  the  American  camp  over 
thirty  British  regulars. 


in 


n 


^ 

I* 


M 


15S 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


and  province.  They  made  their  way  through 
themcmntains  and  valleys  hoping  to  ascertain  the 
position  of  the  enemy's  camp,  and  the  position 
of  their  intrenchments.  Their  expedition,  how- 
ever, was  fruitless,  because  the  woods  prevented 
their  seeing  across  the  Hudson  ;  and  thus  with- 
out discovering  or  seeing  anything,  they  returned. 

26th.  All  remains  peaceable  and  quiet.  In 
the  evening  some  of  our  Indians  returned  from 
their  hunt.  The)  brought  in  with  them  a 
prisoner  who  although  alive,  yet,  from  fear  and 
anguish,  was  half  dead.  They  also  had  with 
them  two  scalps,  which  they  had  taken  after 
their  own  neat  fashion  ! 

27th.  Everything  remained  quiet  all  ilay  long. 
Toward  evening,  chree  officers  of  the  enemy 
were  brought  in — at  least  they  pretended  to  be 
such,  though,  by  their  appearance,  nobody  would 
have  supposed  it  ! 

The  news,  that  was  circulated  a  few  days  ago, 
that  Washington's  army  was  totally  defeated  by 
the  troops  of  Gen  Howe,  and  that  the  remainder 
were  taken  prisoners  and  scattered,  is  to-day  |  ap- 
parently] verified  with  much  certainty  in  our 
army,  but  it  is,  nevertheless,  not  believed. 

Extract  of  a  Journal  of  the  Campaign  of  1777, 
in  North  America  to  the  convention  at  Saratoga, 
where  we  had  to  surrender  as  Prisoners  of  War. 

G.  Pausch, 
Captain. 


Nakkativk    of    the    Action    of    Oct.    yru, 

AT  Freeman's    Farm    near  Sti  llwater 

ON  the   Hudson. 


Oct.  7th.   In  the  forenoon,  I  received  an  -order 
to    have  in    readiness  two  6  pound    cannon   with 
the    requisite     ammunition  :     also    my    Briirade, 
prepared  to  march  immediately  at  a  given  signal. 
About  10  o'clock,  there  gathered   in  front  of  the 
camp  and  on  the  P/ace  d'Armes  of  the  left  wing 
of  the  German  troops,  a  division  consisting  of  all 
those  portions    of  the   German   regiments  there 
represented.      Altogether,  these   numbered  about 
three  hundred  men  under  the  leadership  of  Lieut. 
Col.    Specht,'   the    commander  q\    the    Infantry 
regiment  of  Riedescl.      To   this  latter   regiment, 
the   Regiment  Hesse    Hanau   furnished  i  officer, 
6  subalterns,  i  drummer,  and  75  privates   under 
the   command   of   Capt.  Schoel.      We   defiled  to 

•Pausch     unquestionably     means    Lt.  the  Reyiment  Riedesel.     On   this   point 

Q,^\.  Spcib.      Col.  Specht,  sL'Loii.l  in  Com-  consult   Haddcn    page    45,    where    Gen. 

mand   of"  the  Brunswiclcers   to  Riedesel,  Rogers  has   pointed  out  this  error  in  the 

was  Col.  of"  the  Regiment  Specht,  not  of  two  names  so  frequently  nude. 


f 


1 60 


PA  USCH'  S  JO  Ull  NAL. 


the  rii'ht  in  front  of  our  army  towards  its  ri  »h 
wini^  as  far  as  the  Brigade  of  Brig.  Gen.  Fraser, 
wliere  we  halted.  Here  I  found  ah'eady  assem- 
bled, among  other  regiments,  the  English  batterv 
of  light  infantry  grenadiers,  the  Albanian  and 
Canadian  volunteers,  and  the  small  remnant  of  our 
Indians'  who  were  in  readiness  for  the  march. 
The  English  Artillery  furnished  two  howitzers, 
two  12  pound  and  four  6  pound  cannon  for  the 
right  wing  of  our  battery,  under  Lieut.  Dufais. 
Everything  being  quiet  along  the  lines,  I  went, 
myself,  with  the  iirst  named  two  cannon  of  my 
Brigade,  on  this  expedition. 

Behind  the  entrenched  camp  of  Fraser,  where 
we  halted  and  where  we  were  obliged  to  wait  for 
further  orders,  there  were  collectetl  in  Eraser's 
tent  the  Generals  of  the  army.  After  first  hold- 
ing in  it  a  ccancil  of  war,  the  Generals  went  to 
another  tent,  in  tront  of  which  the  Sava;j-es  were 
gathered,  and  announced  to  them  (^as  I  supiiose, 
according  to  the  usual  Indian  custom,  which  to 
me  is  utterly  unknown  and  unintelligible)  the 
order  of  to-day's  march  and  the  duties  required 
of  them.  This  conference  lasted,  in  all,  two 
hours,  when  we  again  resumed  our  march  ;  and 
the  reassembled  corps  once  more  started.  There 
were   now  added   to    the   German   Division    the 


'  180  in  number ;  the  greater  portiun  of     fur  theii  cruelties  —  liavinf^    gi  nc    homo 
the   Iiuiijns — liiipleascd    at    the    repri-     several  weeks  Ld'ore  this, 
mand  administered  to  them  by  Burgoyne 


I 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


i6i 


STiall   remnant   of  the   Brunswick   company   of 
\agers  consisting  of  about  loo  men,  and  as  many 
more    of  the    Brunswick    Grenadier    Battalion 
1  hese  latter   constituted  the   entire  force  of  this 
small  corps,   now  reduced  to  about  fifteen   hun- 
dred men  in  all. 

Leaving  the  Brunswick  entrenchment  on  our 
right  and  finally  behind  us,  we  followed  a  road 
which    led  to  a  house   and  farm  not   fir  distant 
This    house    we  also  left    on  our  right,  and    ai 
length    reached   some    underbrush     and    b-ishes 
Here,  on  the  left  of  this  road,  we  found  an  out- 
post composed  of  subalterns  of    the    Grenadier 
Battalion      von     Breymanf^    which    we    passed. 
We  followed  the  road  farther  for  fullv  half  an 
hour   during  which  we  halted  several  times  both 
for  the  purpose  of  sending  out  the  volunteers  and 
Indians    on    reconnoitering  expeditions,    and  of 
making  the  road  passable  for  the  Artillery  over 
the  bridges      The  reports  of  the  advancc'-guard 
contmuing  favorable,  and  their  repeated  niessa-e 
assuring  us  that  as  yet  every  thing  was  all  rioht' 
we   continued  to  march  for   the  length  of  time 
above  mentioned,  (viz.  half  an   hour!   when   we 
found    ourselves    in    front  of  the    extended    left 
wing  of   the   hostile  army,  of  which,    however 
we  cruM  not  see  anything  whatever,  on  account 
ot  the  dense  woods  and   the  distance.      Here  we 
found  a  small   cultivated  and   open  field   entirely 
surrounded  by   woods,  and  at  one  end  of  which 


21 


I  62 


PA  US  CM' S  JOUR  NAL . 


Stood  a  small  habitation  entirely  deserted  by  its 
former  occupants.  Its  roof  had  been  converted 
into  ail  observatory  from  which  all  the  adjutants, 
engineers  and  Quarter-Master  Generals  were  gaz- 
ing through  their  glasses.  Nothing,  however, 
could  be  discovered.  VVe  now  continued  our 
march  flanked  on  either  side  by  English  troops ; 
and  at  tiie  same  t.me,  our  small  number  of 
Yagers,  the  few  men  composing  the  Chasseur 
Battalion,  and  the  Grenadiers  started  out  from 
one  side  of  our  line  to  reconnoiter. 

Meanwhile,  on  a  piece  of  ground  somewhat 
elevated  and  commanding  an  advantageous  and 
clear  position,  I  posted  my  two  6  pound  cannon 
at  a  distance  of  24  to  26  paces  from  each  other, 
and  50  paces  in  advance  of  the  front,  near  the 
place  where  the  Regiment  Hanau  adi(.)ined  that 
of  Rhetz.' 


'  Tlii.-  c-lovatcil  piicc  of  ground  upon 
which  P.uiscli  pl.icfil  his  tvvD  six  pound 
oniion,  is  now(i8S6),  covered  by  an 
oi;h.ird,  about  two  rods  e.ist  of  liie  road 
Icadinji  From  (Quaker  Springs  to  Still- 
water, ami  twenty  rods  south-east  of  the 
house,  now  (i!J'(i6),  occupied  by  Joseph 
Rogers.  The  exact  distance  by  measure- 
ment fiom  Fraser's  tent,  which  was  a 
little  in  the  rear  of  where  is  now  Es- 
mond's House  (see  preceding  note)  to 
this  elevation  i.s  230  rod-^,  in  a  straight 
lino  Tiiis  nieisurc.ncnt  was  made  for 
t7ie  bv  my  friend,  Mr.  E.  R.  IVeeman, 
who  rcHdfs  near  Esmond  s  House  By 
thi;  wood  road,  however,  which  Pausch 
t 'ok,  it  i.  probably  30  rods  further.  It 
miy,  tiierefoic,  well    have    taken  Paust  h 


half  an  hour  or  more  to  reach  it  Bv 
reference  to  the  map,  on  opposite  page, 
the  reader  may  easily  trace  the  route 
taken  by  P;.usch. 

Pausch  was  stationed  on  this  eminence 
between  the  English  and  the  German 
Grenadiers  [sec  Bur^'oyne's  Map  in  Stale 
of  the  Expcdi:i'.it'\  the  Englisli  on  his  left 
and  the  Geimans  on  his  right.  It  is  to 
this  particular  spot  that  Wilkinson  refers 
win  n  in  de;  cribing  it  after  the  battle,  he 
says.  "The  ground  which  liad  been  oc- 
cupied by  the  British  Grenadiers  pre- 
sented a  scene  of  complicated  horror  and 
exuitati.n.  In  the  square  space  of 
twelve  or  fifteen  yards  lay  riyhtren  grena- 
diers in  tiie  agonies  of  death  j  and  three 
(itricers      were    propped      up   against    the 


■M 


,, /J 


n 


•I 


J ', 


t  \  • 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


165 


Meanwhile,  work  was  still  progressing  on  the 
entrenchments  of  our  two  wings ;   and  it   took, 
by  the  way,  ]  of  an  hour  to  march  from  one  win  J 
of  our  army  to  the  other;   during  which  march! 
not  the   least  sign  of  the   enemy    was  seen    nor 
were  we   molested   by   him   in    the   least      Pre- 
sently  by  order  of  Major  Williams  of  the  Eng- 
lish  Artillery,    the  two    12   pound   cannon   were 
brought    up   and   placed   in   front  of  the   above 
named     deserted]  house,    and   after   bein^   made 
ready,  they  were  oaded.      No  one  knew  what  all 
these  arrangements  meant;   but  I  shortly  after- 
ward learned  from    Capt.   Gen.   Quarter-Master 
Gerlach,  that  it  was  intended  to  make  a  diversion 
at    tais   point;   and    that   the  corps  was   for  the 
protection  of  the  general  staff.     At  the  same  time 
word   was  sent  into  the  entrenchments  of   Brev- 
mann  and  Eraser,  and  the  foragers  ordered  to  cut 
down   the  corn-stalks  yet  standing   in   our   rear. 
(1  his  IS  called  "foraging.")      An  English  officer 
now  arrived  in   haste,  saying  that  there   were  no 
cannon  on  the  flank  of  the  left  wing,  and   that  I 
must   immediately   send  one   of  mine.      Ar^ainst 
this  I  protested,  on  the  ground  that  I  had  but  two 

rr^l'/  ru'''^';^  complying  with  his  wish 
I  should  only  be  able  to  serve  one  gun  ;  that  I 
desired,  if  it  was  a  general  order  to  march  there 

less."  U  was  here  that  Ma,  Acland  Z[  J  ?  Gates  s  cam (,,  „ur.ed  him. 
of  the  E„gl,sh  Grenadiers  wl'woun  e  '  '^fC.l^lZ  Vt'  f'1  "^  V  '''^/"^■"• 
Maj.  Acland    when  wounded,  was  taken      to  S"  uSator  '  '^  "'^"^  "'  ^''''> 


K 


i 


i\ 


i  I 


h 


I 


\ 


\ 


i66 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNJL. 


either  with  both  of  the  cannon  or  to  give  up 
neither — one  cannon  being  no  command  for  a 
subaltern,  to  say  nothing  of  a  captain  ;  and  finally, 
that  they  had  iour  6  pound  cannon  of  their  own, 
of  which  one  had  but  just  gone  past  the  left  wing. 
The  officer  at  this  made  himself  scarce'  and 
brought  no  other  order  ;  and  I  remained  at  the 
post  which  T  had  myself  chosen  and  occupied. 

After  the  lapse  of  half  an  hour  we  noticed  a 
few  patrols  in  the  woods,  and  on  the  height  to 
the  left  of  the  wood;  and,  at  the  same  moment, 
the  above  mentioned  two  12  pounders  opened 
fire. 

Shortly  after  this,  a  large  number  of  the 
enemy's  advance-guard,  who  were  in  the  bushes, 
engaged  our  Yagers,  Chasseurs,  and  Volunteers. 
The  action  expended  all  along  the  front,  the 
enemy  appearing  in  force.  During  this  time, 
and  while  both  sides  were  thus  contendini^  and 
I  was  serving  my  cannon,  there  marched  out  of 
the  enemy's  entrenchment  on  their  left  wing,  at  a 
"  double  quick  "  and  in  squares,  two  strong 
columns,  one  towards  our  right,  and  the  odier 
towards  our  left  wing ; '  while,  at  the  same  mo- 
ment, additional  forces'  of  the  enemy  poured 
down    in    troops   to    reinforce  those    who    were 


'  Or  with  I'x.ict  lifeiilncsb  '•  tli  ■    li.ic  ■; 

^  These  "  two  coluimis  "   were  rcsni-'e- 
rively  under  Poor  and  Learned. 


^  These   "  additiiinal    f'urtis"   were  led 
by  Morgan  and  Dearboin. 


4 


wimmmit 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


167 


already  engaged  with  us,  and  advanced  madly 
and  blindly  in  the  fiice  of  a  furious  fire.  The 
attack  began  on  the  left  wing  with  a  terrific 
musketry  fire,  but,  in  a  few  minutes,  the  enemy 
repulsed  it;  while  the  cannon,  sent  there  by  the 
English  Artillery,  was  captured  by  the  enem-' 
before  a  single  shot  had  been  fired  from  them. 
And  new,  the  firing  from  cannon  and  small  arms 
began  to  get  very  brisk  on  our  riirht  win  ^ 

At  this  junction,  our  left  wing  retreated  in  the 
greatest  possible  disorder,  thereby  causing  a 
similar  rout  among  our  German  command, 
which  was  stationed  behinci  the  fence  in  line  of 
battle.  They  retreated  —  or  io  speak  more 
plainly  — they  lett  their  position  without  inform- 
ing me,  although  1  was  but  fifty  paces  in  ad- 
vance of  them.  Each  man  for  himself,  they 
made  for  the  bushes.  Without  knowing  it,  I 
kept  back  the  enemy  for  a  while  with  my  un- 
protected cannon  loaded  with  shells.  How  long 
before  this,  the  infintry  had  left  its  position,  1 
cannot  tell,  but  1  saw  a  great  number  advance 
towards  our  now  open  iet't  wing  within  a  distance 
of  i.bout  300  paces.  I  looked^back  towards  the 
position  still  held,  as  I  supposed,  by  our  German 
infantry,  under  whose  protection  I,'  too,  intended 
to  retreat —  but  not  a  man  was  to  be  seen.  They 
had  all    rin    across  the    roa  1    into   the   field   and 

,  '';,  T'lv,"''""  ''"V^'  '''■,'?=  '•'""'"  'f  "  f"  '''■■'■■  Am.,i.an  caus,- -  jun,ped 
tlut  Col.  Ulley  c.t  N.  Hampshire  Icipcl,  do-.v,,,  tuine,!  Its  muzzle  ,,n.l  ni.d  it  on 
waved  his   sword,  ..nd  having  dcdicau-u     the  B.iti.h  with   their  ov^n  ammunition 


■r 


1^(1 


Mi 


m 


1 1 


I-   f 


168 


PJUSCH'S  yOURNJL. 


thence  into  the  bushes,  and  had  taken  refuge 
behind  the  trees.  Their  right  wing  was  thus 
in  front  of  the  house,  I  have  so  often  mentioned, 
but  all  was  in  disorder,  though  they  still  fought 
the  enemy  which  continued  to  advance."  In 
the  mean  time,  on  our  right  wing,^  there  was 
stubborn  fighting  on  both  sides,  our  rear,  mean- 
while, being  covered  by  a  dense  forest,  which, 
just  before  had  protected  our  right  flank.  The 
road  by  which  we  were  to  retreat  lay  through 
the  woods  and  was  already  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy,  who  accordingly  intercepted  us.  Find- 
ing myself,  therefore,  finally  in  my  first  men- 
tioned position  —  alone,  isolated,  and  almost 
surrounded  by  the  enemy,  and  with  no  way  open 
but  the  one  leading  to  the  house  where  the  two 
12  pound  cannon  stood,  dismounted  and  de- 
serted —  I  had  no  alternative  but  to  make  my 
way  along  it  with  great  difficulty  if  I  did  not 
wish  to  be  stuck  in  a  datnued  crooked  road.' 

After  safely  reaching  t 
tection   of  a   musketry 

'  "  The  brave  Major  Forster,  with  two 
hundred  and  sixty  English  Grenadiers, 
withstood  an  equally  severe  fire  on  the 
right  wing."  AL'moirs  of  Gen.  RicJcsel. 
Vol.  I,  page  206. 

*  It  was  just  at  ti-.is  juncture  that  the 
brave  Eraser,  while  attempting  to  rally 
the  troops,  was  mortally  wounded  by  Tim 
Murphy,  one  of  Morgan's  sharp  shooters. 
The  precise  spot  where  he  was  shot  was 
midway  between  the  orchard  where 
Pauich  was  and  Roger's  House  (see  pre- 
vious   note).        A    bass-wood    tree     (a 


he  house  under  the  pro- 
fire —  which,   however, 

shoot  from  the  stump  of  the  one  under 
wh::h  Fraser  was  when  he  was  shot) 
marks  the  spot.  It  is  also  marked  by  a 
granite  tablet  erected  under  the  auspices 
of  the  "  Saratoga  Monument  Associa- 
tion." 

3  Pause  h  does  not  exaggerate  it.  The 
old  wood  road,  trai:es  of  which  were  visi- 
ble up  to  within  twenty-five  years,  was 
almost  serpentine  in  its  course.  See  map 
on  preceding  page.  The  use  here  of  the 
preposition  "  in  "instead  of  "  on  "  prob- 
ably refers  to  the  muddinesi  of  the  road. 


i. 

.-i       i 

'IPI'I 

PJVSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


169 


owing  to  the  bushes,  was  fully  as  dangerous  to 
me.  as  ,f  the  firing  came  from  the  en! mv  -  I 
presenjy  came  across  a  little  earth-worlc,  18  feet 

ot  by  posting  my  two  cannon,  one  on  the  ri'^ht 
and  the  other  on  the  left,  and  began  a  fire  aker- 
nately  with  balls  and  with  shells,  without,  how- 
ever, being  able  to  discriminate  in  favor  of  our  men 
who  were  in  the  bushes ;  for  the  enemy,  without 
troubling  them  charged  savagely  upon  my  can- 
non, hoping  to  dismount  and  silence  them:  But 
>n    this    attempt,  they   twice   failed,   beino-  frus- 

Thetwr.h""''  by  the  firing  of  my  ^.h^ 
/he  two  above  mentioned  12  pound  cannon  — 
in  serving  which,  Major  Williams,  Lieut.  York  ' 
and  several  subaltern  officers  and  artillery-me'n 
had  either  been  captured  or  killed-stood.  where 

an'dtserd":'^  '''°'''   ''''''"'■  ^  ''  ^^  '^-^ 

A.  brave  English  Lieutenant  of  Artillery,  by  the 
name  of  Schmidt  [Smith-J  and    a  sergeant  were 

I  T"!,:-    i:^..i_  .1  ,  .  .    .  '-' 


'This  little  earth. work,  which  had 
been  put  up  for  Burgoyne's  advanced 
pickets  while  encamped  between  the 
19th  of  Sept.  and  the  7th  Oct.,  can 
plainly  be  seen  in  the  map  of  this  action 
in  the  State  of  the  ExpeJiti'.n. 

'John  H.  York,  who  in  1771,  was  a 
2d  Lieut,  in  the  Battalion  of  the  Royal 
Artilery,  was  stationed  in  America  as  early 
as  1772  and  1773.  When  he  went  to 
Canada  is  not  known,  though  he  was 
there  under  Carleton  in  1776,  since  a 
Brigade  order  by  Maj.  Gen.  Phillips 
(given  in  Hadden's  Orderly  Book)  dated 
14th  June,  of  that  year,  says  :  "  The  two 
pi«cei  of  cannon  under  Lieuti.  Smith  and 

22 


Yorke  arc  to  be  put  under  the   command 
ot  Captain    M  irdielson,"    etc.      He   be 
A.TllI  "-'r^'^-^^Ser?,  a    Col.   in    the 
A.t.llery    Ju  y     .oth,     ,804,     and     was 
d.owned  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  Nov.  ,st 

f  Wm.  P.  Smith  here  so  highly 
praised  was  commissio«ed  a  2d  Lieut 
in  the  Royal  Artillery  i», 771.  He  wal 
wounded  and  taken  priso.er  in  the  ac- 
tion of  Oct.  7th.  and  was  included  in 
^.e  Cambr,ge  Parole.  He  became  a 
Col.  in  the  Artillery  the  same  day  as  hi, 
e  low  .oldier,  York,  viz.,  July  20 
;8o48  .n.   died  at  Ldth  fort,^:,y  V, 


I 


\i 


V 


170 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


the    only    two   who    were   willing    to   serve   the 
cannon  longer.      He  came  to  me  and  asked  me 
to  let  him  have  ten   artillery-men  and  one  sub- 
altern from   my  detachment  to  serve  these  can- 
non.    But  it  was  impossible  for  me  to  grant  his 
request,    no    matter   how    well   disposed  I  might 
have  been   towards   it.     Two   of  my    men    had 
been  shot  dead  ;  three  or  four  were  wounded  ;  a 
number   had   straggled  off,  and  all  the   Infantry 
detailed    for    that    purpose,    either    gone  to  the 
devil   or   run    away.      Moreover,   all    I  had   left, 
for  the  serving  of  each  cannon,  were  four  or  five 
men  and  one  subaltern.     A  six  pound  cannon, 
also,  on    account   of   its   rapidity    in   firing,    was 
more    effectual     than    a    twelve    pounder,    with 
which  only  one-third  the  number  of  shots  could 
be  tired  ;  and   furthermore,  I    had   no    desire  to 
silence    my  own  cannon,  which  were  still  in  my 
possession,   and  thereby  contribute    to  raise   the 
honors    of  another    corps.       Three   wagons    of 
ammunition   were   fired    away    by    my    cannon, 
which  became  so  heated  that  it  was  impossible 
for  any  man  to  lay  his  hands  on  them.      In  front, 
and  also  to  the  right  and  left  of  my  guns,  I  had 
conquered  for  myself  and  for  those  who  were  in 
the  same  terrain^  a  pretty  comfortable  fort.      But 
this  state  of  things  lasted  only  a  short  time,  the 
lire    behind    us    coming    nearer.       Finally,    our 
right  wing  was  repulsed  in  our  rear  ;  its  infantry, 
however,  fortunately    retreating  in  better  order 
than  our  left  wing  had  done. 


if 


4. 


.    I  still  could  see,  as  far  as  the  plain  and  clear- 
ing reached,  the  road,  on  which  I  had   marched 
to    this    second   position,    open,    and    a    chance, 
therefore,  to  retreat.     Accordingly,  myself,  the 
ar  illery-man,   Hausemann,  and   t(vo   other    ar- 
.    tillery-men,  hoping  to  save  one  of  the  cannon, 
dragged    it   towards    this    road.     The    piece    of 
wood  on  the  cannon   made  the  work  foi-  us  four 
men  very  difficult  and,  in  fact,  next  to  impossi- 
ble.     Finally,    a    subaltern    followed    with    the 
«her  cannon,    and    placed    it  on    the   carriage. 
We  now  brought  up  the  other  carriage,  on  whkh 
I  quickly  placed  the  remaining  gun,  and  marched 
briskly  along  the  road,  hoping  to  meet  a  body  of 
our  Infantry  and  with  them  make  a  stand.     But 
this  hope    proved  delusive,  and   was   totally  dis- 
pelled; for  some  ran   in  one.   and  others  in  an 
another  direction  ;  and  by  the  time  that  I  came 
within  gun-shot  of  the  woods,  I  found   the  road 
occupied   by    the   enemy.     They  came  towards 
us   on   It;    the   bushes    were  full  of  them;   thev 
were    hidden  behind    the   trees;  and   bullets  in 
plenty   received   us.     Seeing   that   all   was   h-re- 
rievably  lost,  and  that  it  was  impossible  to  save 
anything,  I  called  to  my  few  reimining  men  to 
.save  themselves.'     I  myself,  took  refuge^hrough 
IbehindJ  a    fence,    m   a  piece    of  dei^e    undlr- 
brush  on   the   right  of  the   road,   with   the   last 

'  "The  H.mau  Artillery  was  lost  Iw  ^^„     _.  •  j  t,,-,- 


A 


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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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172 


PJUSCH*S  yOURNJL. 


■ 


[remaining]  ammunition  wagon,  which,  with 
the  help  of  a  gunner,  I  saved  with  the  horses. 
Here  I  met  all  the  different  nationalities  of 
our  division  running  pell-mell — among  them 
Capt.  Schoel,  with  whom  there  was  not  a 
single  man  left  of  the  Hanau  Regiment.  In 
this  confused  retreat,  all  made  for  our  camp  and 
our  lines.  The  entrenchment  of  Breymann  was 
furiously  assailed;'  the  camp  in  it  set  on  fire  and 
burned,  and  all  the  baggage-horses  and  baggage 
captured  by  the  enemy.  The  three  6  pound  can- 
non of  my  brigade  of  Artillery  were  also  taken,  the 
artillery-men,  Wachler  and  Fintzell,  killed,  and 
artillery-man  Wall  (under  whose  comm^and  were 
the  cannon)  severely,  and  others  slightly,  wounded. 
The  enemy  occupied  this  entrenchment,  and  re- 
mained in  it  during  the  night.  The  approach- 
ing darkness  put  an  end  to  further  operations  on 
the  part  of  the  Americans.  Meanwhile,  every- 
thing was  in  commotion,  and  we  were  all  on  the 
alert  behind  our  entrenchments. 

At  first,  I  thought  that  I  had  lost  my  servant 
and  the  horses  which  1  had  brought  with  me  and 
which  I  owned  ;  but,  luckily,  the  former,  seeing 
that  the  action  was  becoming  lively,  rides  back 
to  the  camp  with  my  horses  and  baggage  ac- 
companied by  the  detachment  of  Lieut.  Dufais. 
I  was  very  glad  to  see  him  ;  and  far  from  cen- 

>By  Gen.  Arnold. 


•W->f  ^iiay!'; 


PAUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


173 


suring  the  happy  resolution  of  my  servant, 
praised  it  highly.  I  found,  also,  many  of  my 
runaway  artillery-men  in  the  camp,  and  also  all 
those  of  my  Infantry  command  who  had  taken 
early  "leg-bail."  It  was  plainly  evident,  that 
they  had  runaway  in  the  early  part  of  the  en- 
gagement, from  the  fact  that  there  was  not  one 
of  them  dead,  captured  or  wounded. 

I  have  suffered  a  great  loss  this  morning  in 
my  company,  including,  also,  the  men  who  served 
the  two  cannon  in  the  camp  of  Lieut.  Col.  von 
Breymann'  when  it  was  surprised,  viz  :  four 
cannon  captured,  artillery-men,  Wachler,  Frint- 
zell,  Hausemann  and  Weil  killed,  four  artillery- 
men, H.  Miiller,  Paul.  Hartmann  and  Scheffer 
wounded  and  taken,  and,  also,  three  other  artil- 
lery-men, Zieuhler,  Pflug,  and  Johannes  Miiller. 
Two  drivers,  Vogt  and  Roth  were  likewise  cap- 
tured. There  were  also  three  artillery-men  slightly 
wounded,  though  not  taken  prisoners,  viz  :  Lotz- 
mann,  Beeker  and  Fahrbach.  Four  6  pounders 
of  my  Artillery  Brigade  and  also  four  ammuni- 
tion wagons  are  lost  including  horses,  harness  and 
the  British  drivers.     All  these  belonged  to  the 


'  Lieut.  Col.  Heiniich  Christopher 
Breymann,  commanded  the  grenadier  bat- 
talion sent  Co  reinforce  Carleton  in  the 
spring  of  1776.  In  Burg  lyne's  campiign 
he  commanded  the  Ger-nan  Light 
Brigade.  He  was  ordered  to  the  relief  of 
Baum  at  Bennington,  and  much  adverse 
criticism  has  been  made  upon  his  tardy 


advance,  whereby  it  is  asserted  Baum 
was  sacrificed.  After  Baum's  defeat 
Breymann  was  attacked  and  repulsed 
with  heavy  loss,  but  managed  to  with- 
draw under  cover  of  approaching  dark- 
ness, himself  being  wounded. —  Not*  in 
Madden, 


'7+ 


PAUSCtrs  JOURNAL. 


.    :    t 


Royal  Artillery,  none  of  ours  being  among  them 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  articles  of  minor 
importance. 

The  entire  remnant  of  my  Brigade  consists, 
therefore,  of  only  two  6  pound  cannon,  four 
ammunition  wagons,  three  wagons  with  shovels, 
hoes,  etc.,  and  two  requisition  carts. 

Gen.  Fraser"  and  Lieut.  Col.  von  Breymann 
were  mortally  wounded  in  to-day's  engagement, 
the  latter  being  a  prisoner.*  I  also  know  of  two 
captains  of  the  Regiment  Brunswick,  and  En- 
sign von  Gargling  of  the  Regiment  Hanau,  who 
are  wounded.  Our  other  losses  small  and  great 
are  as  yet  unknown,  with  the  exception  that 
Lieut.  Col.  Speth,  with  a  few  of  his  officers, 
were  made  prisoners  at  the  last  moment. 

This  much,  however,  is  certain  ;  that  both 
sides  have  sustained  heavy  losses.' 


'  FrJser  died  in    a  little    farm    house 
tenderly    ministered  to   until  the  last  by 
the  Baroness  Riedesel.   See  the  Leitc  >  of 
this  admirable  woman  for  .i  detailed  ac- 
count of  his  death  and  burial. 

'  This  statement  of  Pausch  regarding 
the  capture  of  Ureymann,  differs  from 
that  made  by  Max  von  lielkingor  ratlicr 
by  Riedesel,  since  Eelking's  work  was 
founded  entirely  on  Rieilescl's  memo- 
randa. Eelking.  arter  speaking  of  tlie 
attack  on  the  Oreat  Redoubt,  says  : 
"another  body  at  the  same  time  attacked 
the  embankments  of  Breynianii's division 
in  front  and  on  the  left  llank.  Tlie 
Grenadiers,  comprising  this  corps  fouj;ht 
bravely,  but  being  only  two  hundred 
strong,  and  their  commander — the 
chivalric  Breymann  hring^  sluit  dead,  they 
were  compelled  to  retreat."     Wilkinson, 


also,  says,  the  Brunswickers  fled  leaving 
Breymann  "  dead  on  the  field." 

^The  British  and  German  troops  who 
were  killed  in  the  battle  were  slightly 
covered  with  earth  and  biush  where  they 
fell,  apparently  unlamented  by  friend  or 
foe.  "  It  was  not  an  uncommon  thing," 
says  Neilson,  ''  after  the  land  was  cleared 
and  began  to  be  cultiv.ited,  to  see  five, 
ten,  and  even  twenty  human  sku'ls  piled 
up  on  dilferent  stumps  aiiout  the  field." 
1  have  myself,  when  a  boy,  seen  human 
bones  thickly  strewn  about  on  the  ground, 
which  ha  t  been  turned  out  with  the 
plow.  "Near  the  place  where  Kraser 
fell,  .1  hole  was  dug  into  which  the 
bodies  of  forty  soldiers  were  thrown,  after 
being  stripped  of  their  clothing  by  the 
women  of  the  American  camp," 


P^USCWS  yOVRNAL.  j-- 

It  was  very  quiet  all  day  at  the  left  wW  of 
our  army  w,tli  this  exception,  that  the  pickets 
and  patrols  fired  on  each  other  occasionally  ' 

I  cannot  sufficiently  praise  the  exceptionally 
biave  and  gallant  conduct  of  subaltern  Moer- 
schell  and  Artillery-man  Housemann  durinttL 
action  ot  to-day/  In  the  deepest  submission  to 
the  favor  o  your  Highness,  I  feel  it  mv  duty  to 
recommend  particularly  Moerschell,  on  acco^unt 
of  his  good  conduct,  ambition,  correct  life  and 
punctuality  in  the  service. 

Extract  from  my  Journal. 

G.  Pausch.J 
End  of  Capt.  Pausch's  Journal. 


But  It  was  more  than  the  occasional 
exchange  ot  shots.  It  was  quite  a  skir 
mish  and  took  pl,.ce  on  the  river  bank 
just  before  the  main  action  began  It 
was  this  affair  which  gave  rise  to  the 
council  of  Gates  and  his  staff  (sec  Wii- 
kinson)  called  to  decide  whether  this 
•kirmish  was  a  feint  on  the  part  of  the 
British,  or  whether  the  real  attack  would 
be  on  the  high  ground  to  the  Americans- 
left.  1  he  latter  view  which  was  adopted 
and  acted  upon,  was,  as  we  know,  the 
correct  one. 

"Pausch,  himself,  was  also  a  very 
brave  officer.  His  company,  which  he 
commanded  in  person  at  the  Battle  of 
Bennington,  suffered  terribly  on  that  oc 
casion  where,  by  the  way,  he  likewise  lost 
two  of  his  guns  in  the  same  manner  as  at 
Saratoga. 


It  may  be  interesting  to  those  who 
have  followed  I'ausch  in  his  mana.uvres 
during  the  two  actions,  to  know  what 
relics  there  are  still  (,886),  remainin- 
on  the  Saratoga  battle-held  to  recall  the 
stirring  scenes  enacted  on  its  site.  Anions 
these  may  be  nu-ntioned  the  followinK-- 
all  of  which  I  have  myself  verihed 

^"vr    The     brca-tworks     which    sur- 

sounded  Riedesel's   lirunswickers,   and  at 

the  southeastern  extremity  of  which  the 

Hanau  artillery,  under   Captain    Pausch 

was  placed  (enclosing  an  area  of,  perhaps! 

twenty  acres),  are  yet  eao/iy  traced,  being 

st.l     two,   and,  in  .ome   places,  Hve   feet 

ligli.      In  the  center  of  this  space,  and  in 

the   midst  of  a  dense   wood,   is  seen    the 

old   campwell    used    by   this    portion    of 

Burgoyne,   army.     [A    large    portion    of 

the  British  camp,  after  the  action  of   the 

I9tn,  was  on  the  di,  of  that  battle.] 


'» 


176 


PAUSCtrS  JOVRNJL. 


I    I 


Second.  The  traces  of  Breymann'i  en- 
trenchments are  yet  to  be  seen  very 
plainly.  The  place  is  considerably  ele- 
vated by  nature,  and  is  known  among 
the  farmers  in  the  vicinity  as  Burgoyne't 
Hill.  Properly,  it  should  be  as  men- 
tioned in  a  preceding  note,  Breymann't 
Hill.  It  was  at  the  north-east  corner  of 
this  eminence  that  Arnold  was  wounded. 

Third.  The  stump  of  the  bass-wood 
tree,  with  another  large  tree  grown  out 
of  its  top,  under  which  General  Fraser 
was  seated  on  his  horse  when  mortally 
wounded  by  M orgiin's  sharp-shooter,  Pat 
Murphy,  yet  stands  by  the  siae  of  the 
road. 

Fourth.  The  house  which  was  the  head- 
quarters of  Generals  Arnold,  Lea'ned, 
and  Poor,  before,  during,  and  after  the 
two  actions,  is  still  standing  in  excellent 
preservation. 

Fifth.  The  barn  which  served  as  a 
hospital  for  the  wounded  Americans  re- 
mains to  mark  the  spot  where  so  many 
gallant  men  suffered  and  died,  the  timbers 
of  which  are  as  solid  as  when  first  put  in. 

&xih.  The  foundations  and  cellar  of 
the  house  in  which  General  Fraser  died 
while  being  ministered  to  by  Madam 
Riedesel,  are  yet  clearly  seen  by  the  river 
bank. 

Seventh.  The  "  Ensign  House,"  which 
received  a  portion  of  Burgoyne's  wounded, 
together  with  the  tall  Dutch  clock  which 
ticked  off  the  numbered  minutes  of  the 
dying,  still  remains. 

Eighth.  The  sleepers  of  the  bridge 
which  Burgoyne  threw  across  the  "  great 
Ravine,"  just  before  he  crossed  it  and  fell 
n  with  the  scouting  party  of  Morgan  on 


the  afternoon  of  the  19th,  are   pefectly 
sound. 

Ninth.  Numerous  trees,  which  were 
standing  at  the  time  of  the  battles,  still 
keep  in  their  trunks  the  bullets  fired  from 
the  guns  of  Cilley's  New  Hampshire 
troops.  [While  at  Saratoga  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1885,  a  farmer  brought  in  a  load 
of  wood  cut  on  the  battle-field.  One  or 
the  sticks  had  embedded  in  it  twelve 
grape-shut]. 

Tenth.  Not  a  season  passes  that  can- 
non-balls, grape-shot,  skeletons,  stone 
and  iron  tomahawkb.  short  carbines  used 
by  the  German  Yagers,  and  similar  relics, 
are  not  plowed  up  by  the  husbandmen. 
Indeed,  I  myself,  a  few  summers  ago, 
picked  up  a  gilt  button  of  the  l^A  High- 
landers, and  a  silver  buckle,  on  the  site 
of  the  bloody  fight  of  that  regiment, 
which  Wilkinson  has  in  mind  when  he 
writes  :  '*  In  a  square  space  of  twelve  or 
fifteen  yards  lay  eighteen  grenadiers  in 
the  agonies  of  death,  and  three  officers 
were  propped  up  against  stumps  of  trees, 
two  of  them  mortally  wouided,  bleeding 
and  almost  speechless." 

Through  the  zealous  and  patriotic 
efforts  of  Mrs  Ellen  Hardin  Walworth 
of  Saratoga  Springs — a  Trustee  of  the 
Saratoga  Monument  Association  anJ 
whose  great-grandfather  Col.  Hardin, 
was  in  the  battles  —  granite  tablets  iiave 
already  been  placed  on  several  of  the 
above  mentioned  historic  spots  on  the 
battle-field  —  each  of  which  bears  appro- 
priate inscriptions,  telling  :he  passer-by 
what  it  commemorates,  together  with  the 
name  of  the  donor. 


m 


f 


APPENDIX. 


Extract  from  the  MSS.  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam.,  corroborating 
Pausch's  account  of  the  state  of  affairs  existing  in  the  British 
camp  between  the  actions  of  the  igth  of  Sept.  and  the  -jth  of 
Oct.  —  kindly  furnished  me  by  Professor  R.  M.  Stimson  of 
Marietta  College^  Marietta.,   Ohio. 

In  a  letter  to  Washington  [written  on  account  of  alleged 
neglect  of  Gen.  Gates],  recommending  Capt.  Goodale  for 
promotion  "to  a  Majority,"  ( Maj.  Nathan  Goodale  was 
taken  by  Indians,  in  this  county,  1790,  and  died  in  their  hands) 
Gen.  Putnam  says : 

" '  tis  well  known  into  what  a  panic  the  country  &  even  the 
Northern  army  were  thrown  on  the  takeing  of  Ticonderoga. 

"When  General  Gates  took  command  in  that  quarter  our 
army  Lay  at  Vanfiacks  Island,  and  M'.  Burgoyne  with  black 
wyngs  &  painted  Legions  Lay  at  Saratoga,  the  woods  were  so 
infested  with  Savages,  that  for  Some  time  none  of  the  Scouts 
who  were  Sent  out  for  the  purpos  of  obtaining  prisoners,  or  in- 
tiligence  of  the  enimies  Sittuation  Succeeded  in  either  —  Gen- 
eral Gates  being  vexed  at   continual  disapointments   desiered 


; 


176^ 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


an  officer  to  procure  him  a  man  that  would  undertake  at  all 
hazards  to  perform  this  Service  k  Capt  Goodale  being  Spook 
to  voluntarily  undertook  the  business  under  the  following  ordors 
from  General  Gates  "  Sir  you  are  to  chuse  out  one  Sergent 
&  Six  privates,  and  proceed  with  them  to  the  enimies  camp, 
unless  you  loose  your  life  or  are  captured,  and  not  return  untill 
you  obtain  a  full  knowledge  of  their  Situation." 

"Cap'  Goodal  in  his  report  of  this  Scout  Sais,  *  it  was  not 
performed  without  great  feteague,  as  the  party  was  much  har- 
rassed  by  the  Indians  which  ocationed  there  being  in  the 
woods  three  days  without  piovisions.'  however  he  fucceeded 
beyond  expectation,  first  throwing  himself  between  there  out 
guards,  and  there  camp  where  he  concealed  his  party  untill  he 
examined  there  sittuation  very  fully,  &  then  brought  of  Six 
prisoners,  (which  he  took  within  there  guards  )  with  which  he 
returned  to  Gen'  Gates  without  any  Loss. 

"this  Sucefs  induced  Gen'  Gates  to  continue  him  on  that 
kind  of  Service  —  a  full  detail  of  all  the  intreague,  &  address, 
which  he  discovered  during  the  remainder  of  that  campaign 
would  make  my  Letter  quite  too  long,  it  may  be  enough  to 
obferve  that  before  the  capture  of  the  British  army  I2r  priso- 
ners fell  into  his  hands,  but  as  Capt.  Goodale  is  no  less  brave 
&  determined  in  the  open  field  when  opposed  to  regular  troops 
then  he  is  artful!  as  a  partisan  of  the  woods,  I  beg  your  patience 
while  I  write  one  inftance  of  this  kind." 


.? 

>•(• 


^i 


INDEX. 


i 


A  CLAN D,  Maj.,  165 
*■  *      Albanian       Volunteers, 

160 
Albany,   146 

Amazon,  a  frigate,  47,  48 
American  Vi>lunteers,  165 
Anburey,  quoted,  143,    144 
Anderson,  Capt.  151 
Andernach,  22 
Anticosti  Island,  58 
Army    smithey  at   St.    Johns, 

132 
Arnheim,  26  » 

Arnold,   Gen.,  Sketch  of,  by 

Rogers,  85,   172,  176 

DACH,  Lieut.,  23,  31,  40, 

*^     68,73,79 
Haden  Infantrv,  2,  26 

Balcarras,  Lord,  139 

Barner,  Maj.,  Commander  of 

the  Brunswick   Battalion  of 

Chasseurs,  89 
Barner's  Light  Infantry,  93 


Barnes,   Lieut.,    Dep.    Quar. 

Mas.  CJen.,  129 
Batiscamp,  93 
Battle  of  Sept.  19th,  132 
Battle  of  Oct.  7th,  139,  159 
Baum,  Col.,  173 
Baxter,  a  foreman,  151 
Hechtell,  a  boatman,  26 
Beekcr,  Artillery-man.   173 
Bennington,    Battle    of,    173, 

'75 
Berthier  Parish,  65,    89,   93, 

103,  120 
Bischle,  cannonier,  23 
Bingen,  20 
Bird,  Jos.,    165 
Bioomfield,   Maj.  Thos.,  23, 

76,  86,  140 
Boetzig,  Lieut,  von,  89 
Bonn,  23 
Boston,  58 
Brads,  iiead-smith,  102,   109, 

1 10 
Breton,  Cape,  56 


»7 


8 


PJUSCH'S  yOURNJL. 


I 


i[ 


I  ; 


Iketon,  North  Cape,  57 
lireymann,  Lieut.  Col  ,   145, 

148,  151,  173,  174 
Breyniaiin's  (Brunswick)   En- 
trenchment, 148,  161,  172, 

Breyniann's  Grenadier  Baital- 


1011,  161 


Brcymann's(Burgoyne's)  Hill, 

'45'  '76 
Bristol,  42, 
British  camp,  175 
British  Grenadiers,  162,  165. 

168,  171 
Brown,  Col.,  149 
Brunswick  Grenadiers,  73,  93 
Brunswick  Chasseurs,  137 
Brunswick  Infantry.   157 
Brunswick,  Duke  of,  4,  37 
Brunswick  Troops,  39 
Brunswick,  Regiment  of,  174, 

'75 
Buckroth,  24 

Biinau,  Regiment  of,  42 

Buigoyne,   Lieut.    Gen.,     80, 

81,    115,     117,    119,    121, 

'23,  125.    'iO.    '36,    137. 

140,    142,^  149,    151,    154 
Burgoyne's  Campaign,  Stone's 

Hist,  of,  referred  to,  133 
Burgoyne's  Army,  175 
Butler,    Dr.    James    A.,    sec 

Preface 

C^AIw-ASH,  Description  of  a, 
'     70 
Cambridge  Parole,  17,  169 
Camille  Mountains,  59 


Canadian  Volunteers,  160 

Cape-de-la- Madelain,  93 

Cape  Race,  51 

Cape  Ray,  51,  56 

Carleton,  Lieut.  Gen.,  63,  66, 
82,  98,  103,  104,  113,  115, 
118,    121,   124,   125,   169, 

,,'73 

Carleton,  a  frigate,  83 

Carter,  Capt.,  74,  75 

Cassel,  18,  126 

Cassel,  State  Library,  18 

Castleton,  Vt.,  165 

Caub,  21 

Chambly,   63,   64,    89,    123, 

148 
Champlain  Lake,  61,62,63, 

69 ;  Naval    Battle   on,   82, 

85,  152.  '53 

Charlottesville,  Va.,  139 

Chasseur  Battalion,  162,    166 

Chevalier  Pfalz  Artillery, 
126 

Chimney  Point  (Lake  Cham- 
plain),  85 

Christie,  Col  ,  149 

Cilley,  Col.,  167 

Cillcy's  New  Hampshire 
troops,  176 

Cleaveland  (Clieland),  Adj. 
Samuel,  124,  127 

Clcrke    (Clark),     Adj. 

,  .'42 
Clinton,    (Jen.   Henry, 

152 
Clunes,  Jos.,  151 

Coblentz,  21,  22 

Coin,  23 


len. 


'5', 


1 


INDEX. 


Crown-Point,  8j,  85,  89 
Cur-Tricrischc,    Frontier   of, 
22 


179 


£)ALGLE1SH.  John  J.,  of 

Wi-itgrange,     Scotland, 
138. 

Dalgleish,    John,    grnndfather 

"^  J^hn  J.,   participates   in 

the  battles  ot  Saratoga,  120 

Davis,  A.   McF.,  quoted,  57 

DeLoup,    River,    65;   Parish 

De  Pevbter,  J.  Watts,  138 
Diamond  Ibland,  151 
Donop,  Count,  43 
Dort,  32 

Dortrecht,  32,  34 
Dufais,  Col.,   28,  31,   32.  35 
37,  64,   72,    83,   84,    87,' 

106,      109,     114,      1,8,     ,or 

145,  i6o,  172 
Duplesse,   Capt.,  43 
Dupres,  Maj.  Gen.,  129 
Durham,  }.  H.,  149 
Diisseldorf,   24 

££LKING,      Max      von, 
quoted,  19,  174 

i^Iectonil  Palatinate,  126 

Fmmerich,  25 

Encke,  Artiliery-man,  72 

Engelhard,  cannonier,  67 
Engell,  Bombadier,  84 
English  Artillery,    165,  166 
Ensign  House,  Tne,  170 
Eriuit,  23 
Esmond,  \Vm.,  141 


Esmond     Farm-house,     145 
i6a 


pAHRBACH,        Aaillerv- 

man,  173 
Fauburg  de   Uecollcxts,    122 
Faucitt,  CVI.  Wm.,  4,5,  1,.' 
^.29>3' 

i^ischer,  Henry  A.,  see  Preface 
roxt    Carillon    ('ricondcroga) 
^  102,  148,  149 
Fort  Edward,  154 
i^'ort    George  (Lake    Gcorue) 

Fort  Leith,  169 
Fort  St.  Anna,  93 
Fort  Stanwix,  66,  159 
Fort  Ticonderoga,    102,  150, 
T.  '53 

Foster,  Maj.,  168 
Foy,  Adj.  Gen.  Edward.  102 
IJ9  o> 

Frank/ort,  20      ' 

Fraser,  Gen.   139,   147,    ,(,0^ 

168,  174,  17b 
l-rt^erick      II,        Hereditary 

Pnnce  of  Hes.se-Cassel,    i 
,,  3,  6,  II,  13,  ,7 

i-reeman's    Farm,    Battle    of, 

'32,  HU  I45i  154 
frecmin's  House,  141 
Freeman,  E.  R.,  quoted,   162 
t-reesland,    a     Holland    Ship 
41 

Friedendorf,  Capt.,  134 
Frintzell    (misprint  hr  Freit- 

zel)  an   Artillery-man,  172 

^71 


i8o 


PAUSCirS  JOVRNAL. 


m 


\  I 


■  \ 


/^ALL,  Wv^.  Gen.,  64,  67. 
^^     97,  9:^,  104,  109,  120 
Gargling,  Knsign  von,  174 
Gates,  Gen.,  139,  157 
Gates,  camp  of,  165 
Gates,  council  of,  175 
Gt'ismar,   Col.  von,  89,    136, 

,»37i  '57 
George  II,  1 1 

George  III,  2,  5,  ii,  36 

George,  Lake,    153 

Gcrlach,     Capt.     and    Guar. 

Mas.  Gen.,   123,  157,   165 

Gerinaine,  Lord  George,  66 

German,  Capt.  von,  89 

German  Grenadiers,   162 

Gill,  Dr.,  151 

Gloucester,  a  brig.,  41 

Gohi-Fish,  English,  56,  57 

Gordon,  M.ij  ,113 

Goring,  Mr.,  151 

Goulard,  a  frigate,  47,  48 

Great  Redoubt,  Tlic,  1  74 

Great  Ravine.  Tl.e,    176 

Guilderland,  Fortress  of",  30 

Guitton,  a  banker,  44 

HADDEN'S  ORDERLY 
BOOK,     qu^.ted,     63, 
81,  1 12.  169,  173 
Hague,  The,  27,  30,  35 
Halifax,  58 

Hanau,  TowJi  of,  17,  22,  29 
Han.iu,  Fortress  of,  18 
Hanau,  cost    of    Articles   at, 

lOI 
Hanau  ships,  34 


Hanau,    Regiment   of,     162, 

172.  »74 
Hanau  Artillery,  171,  175 

Haidin,  Col.  John,  176 

Harow  .Mr.,  Supt.  of  Sailors, 

Hartniann,  cannonier,  173 
Hauicniann,  cannonier,     142, 

».7'.  ^n^  1 75 
Heide!:iach,  Surgeon,  144 

Helvoethiiys,  36.  37 

Hcrmiiin,  Lieut.,  75. 

Hesse- Cassel,    Landgrave    of, 

4.    17, 
Hesse  Cassel,  Town  of,  17 

Hesse-Hanau  Artillery,  19, 
52,  69,  75,  129,  130 

Hesse-Hanau,  Regiment  of, 
19,  25,  93,  98,^132,   147, 

154,  159 
Hessian  Chasseurs,  45,  130 
Hessian  Grenadiers,  45 
Hessian  Troops,  39 
Highlanders,  32d  Regiment  of, 

176 
Hoag,  Mr.,  133 
Hoover,  commander,  29 
Hospital   Guard  (Samaritans), 

118 
Hotel  Dieu  (Montreal),  61 
Houghton  Lieut.,  a  fire-mas- 
ter, 75 
Howe,  Gen.,  152,  158 
Hudson  River,  132,  133,  141, 
146,  154,  158 

iBBETSON,  Miss,  80 
•'•     Indian  Volunteers,  160 


INDEX. 


i8i 


inflexible  The,  a  frigat-,  83 
Isle  ad  Has,  97 

Uleaux  Noix.  78,  81,88,  92, 

102,  123,  151 
Isle  d'Oilcans.  97 
Isie  ot  Wight,  47,  55 

TACOIJS,  CaptM48 
J      James   IV,  113 
J^hns,  Capt.,  140 
Jones,  Capt.  Ttios..  79,  81 
Juno,  a  ship,  32,  41,  51 

I^  A  IS  ER,  wagon-master,  13 2 

.'Cass  (Cassel),  126 
I^ent,  Duke  of".  60 
Kurtzleben,  Capt,  43 

LA   BLAND,  a  fri..ate,  62 
La  Coif,  Ri/cr,  81 

La  Prairie,  64,  67,  89,  128 
i-'H  bavaiine,  89 

La  Viilentine,  Parish  of,  98 
Learned,  Gen.,  166 
Leith,  Scotland,  169 
Leutz,  Col.,  89 
Leyden,  27 
London,  35,  42 

London     Chronicle,     quoted, 
113  ^  ' 

Longcuil,  Seigniory  of,  89,  go 

92,  127,  128,  129 
Lonng,  Coinmissuiy  Jus..  140 
Lossing's  Field  Boo.k,  reierred 

to,    149,    J51 

Lotzmann,  cannonier,  179 
Lovvcll,     Edward    J.,    i^^,,^. 
auction  by,  i~i8 


^AINZ,  20 

Alal,burg,  Frederick  de. 
^,  16,  17  ' 

A'janual,  a  transport  frigate,  46 
A  arburg,  Archives  of,  18 
'Viaria,  a  frigate,  82 
iVLiiic  River,  20 
'Viaikiam,  W.  T.,  163 
AiarschaiJr,  AJ.j.  Gen.,  21 


AJ 


iiy,   PiiiiL 


i-'auifhtcr  of 


George  11,  , 
Mary,  a  vessj],  63 
MaMju  r  .  gf,  i'an.h  o  ,  07 
Aiasiiicne,  05 

iVici'jUith,  Haii;.,h,    11^ 
\,i I.  'J 


iVicuse  RivLi,  -2 
Miichelson,  Capt.,  74,  78 
AiohawU  River,    152 
^Vioeler,  Robert,  see  Preface 
.vioersciicll,  a  Subaiiern,   jtc 
Al^*"t'y,    ^uar.     ,Vla».    Geij., 

Montreal,  61,  89,  90,  95,  96, 
9»,  99'  '03,  121,122,  128, 
ii9,  132,  i4«,  152,  is< 

Morgan,    Gen.    Daniel,    f.. 
13O  ''^' 

Mount    Dciiance    (Ticonder- 

"g'ij.  150 
Mui.er,    H.,  cannonier,    142, 

'Vlulier,  Johannes,  17^ 
Murphy,  "Pat,"  168 

JS^'^^^l^-^j  cannonier,  109 
Neilson,    quoted,    162. 

NT  '^^^'  '75 
iNeuwied,  22 


ISi* 


182 


PJUSCH'S  JOURNAL. 


'  h 


I' 


?     ! 


Newfoundland,  Banks  of,  51 
Nicholas,  Island  of,  58 
Nieuenheim,  Count,  26 
Ninnwegtn,  27,  30.  34. 
North  Wessel,  24       '^ 

qBERVVINTER,  22,  23 
^^     OfFenbach,  20 
Ontario,  Lake,   152 
Oswego,  152,  153 

pAPlNEAU,  Mrs.   L.    J. 

^      A.,  Letter  of,  89 

Paul,  cannonier,  173 

Pausch,  Capt.  George,  what 
is  known  of  him,  17  ;  sets 
oiit  for  America  with  his 
company  from  Hanau,  19  ; 
has  difficulties  with  the  Cus- 
tom-House  officers  in  pass- 
ing through  Holland,  26- 
32  j  embarks  on  the  Trans- 
port ship,  Juno,  for  Que- 
bec, 32  ;  touches  at 
Spithcad,  39 ;  visits  and 
describes  Portsmouth,  44- 
46;  sets  sail  from  the  Isle 
of  Wight  for  Canada  under 
convoy,  48  ;  falls  in  with 
an  American  Privateer,  50  ; 
meets  with  an  iceburg,  55  ; 
arrives  at  Cape  Breton,  56  ; 
catches, eats  and  enjoys  Eng- 
lish gold -fish,  57  ;  reaches 
the  island  Nicholas,  58  ; 
arrives  at  Quebec,  59  ;  at 
Montreal, -63  ;  at  Chambly, 
64 ;  his  travels  in  C'nada, 


Pausch,  Capt.  Geo. — con. 
65,  and  forward ;  receives 
an  order  from  Maj.  Bloom- 
field,  73  ;  describes  the 
Naval  Battle  on  Lake 
Champlain,  82 ;  receives 
orders  from.  Gen.  Philips, 
87-90 ;  supplies  his  men 
with  overalls,  socks,  caps, 
mittens,  etc.,  93 ;  in  bar- 
racks at  Montreal,  99  ; 
prepares  charges  against 
head-smith.  Brads,  102- 
109  ;  describes  the  differ- 
ence between  the  English 
and  German  cannon  drill, 
108  ;  defends  his  cannonier, 
Naiitz,  from  the  insults  of 
English  officers,  and  de- 
scribes, with  great  naivete, 
the  character  of  his  alleged 
offence,  no;  takes  part  in 
a  grand  Review  held  by 
Burgoyne,  121  ;  receives 
tiie  thanks  of  Gen.  Phillips 
for  the  valuable  sf  rvices 
rendered  by  his  company, 
122;  receives  orders  from 
Gen.  Phillips,  123-129  ; 
the  English  artillerists  use 
his  style  of  gun-wipers  at 
the  request  of  Carleton, 
Burgoyne,     and       Phillips, 

125  ;  descrilies  and  criticises 
the  English  style  of  loading 
and  firing,  and  the  use  of 
a    peculiar    kind    of   wiper, 

126  ;    his   account   of    the 


INDEX. 


Pausch,  Capt.  Geo.  —  con. 
Actioii  of  Sept.  igtb,  132  ;. 
also,    th»    Action    oiOct 
7th,    159  ;    takes    a    stand 
and    places    his    cannon    in 
position,      162;      Riedcsel 
pays  a  tribute  to  him,  138; 
gets    nearly     «  stuck    in  a 
damned  crooked  road,"  168; 
forced    to  retreat    with  the' 
loss  of  his  cannon — his  men 
"  having  either  all  gone  to 
the  Devil,  or  run  away  !  " 
17^;      his      clxaracter     for 
braveiy,    175;     reports    to 
his  Prince  favorably  on  the 
conduct   of  several   of  his 
men,  175. 
Pearl,  The,  a  Royal    frigate, 

Pflug,  cannonier,  173 

Phillips,  Maj.  Gen.,  66,  71, 

n^  80,  86,  87,  90,  93,  98,' 

104,    105,    107,    118,   120, 

121,   122,    124,   125,    128, 

„  »3o»  ^Z7y  140,  141,  169 
Point  au  Feu,  82 

Point  aux  Tremble,  97 
Point  du  Lac,  93 
Point  Neuf,  61 
Poor,  Gen.,  166 
Portsmouth,  36,  40,  42,  46, 

56 
Powell,  Brig.  Gen.,  150,  154 


183 


QUEBEC,  31, 
4C     59'  98,  103 


40,  44,  58, 

-.    -   .   '03»  »i8>  124, 
^28,  139,  151 


RADEAU,  The,  74,  75,  77, 
01,  02 

Rainsford,  Col.,    27,   28,  29, 

_  30>  3^35,  37,  '30 
Recollect  Parish,  128 

Reislin,  Lieut.,  135 

Rhineffls,  fortress  of,  21,  22 

Rhine  River,  20,  24 

Richelieu  River,  see  St.  Johns 
River 

Rhctz,  Regiment  of,  q?,  i  •54 

^.135,  136,  162 

Riedesel,  Maj.  Gen.,  39,  49, 
56,64,67,68,  71,84,89, 
■03,   104,   115,   133,    134^ 

-,.^36,  137,  142,  146,  154 

Kiedesel,  Military  Journals  of 
quoted,  168,  171 

Riedesel,  Madame,  quoted, 
70,  140,174,  176 

Riedesel,    Regiment    of,    q-i, 

^  '3«,  159 

Rogers,  Gen.,  Horatio, 
quoted,  74,  75,  79,  83^ 
9i>  103,  151,  159,  169 

Rogers,  Jos.,  162,  168 

Rogers'  House,  168 

Rosierc,  Cape,  58 

Roth,  a  driver,  173 

Royal  Artillery,  Battalion  of, 
93,  1,34,  135,  »36,  162 

Royal    Iroops,    their  disposi- 
tion  at  Battle  of  Sept.   19 
133 


§T.  ANTOINE,  66 

St.  Charles  River,  59 
St.  Goar,  21,  22. 


184. 


PJUSCfTS  JOURNjIL. 


St.  Helen's,  Bay  of,  47 

St.   James*  Church,   London, 

80 
St.    John's,   67,   88,  89,   90, 
,  95,  •23,132,  148 
St  John's  River  (Sorel,  Cham- 

bly,  Richelieu),  62,  78,  96, 

123 
St.  Lawrence    River,  59,  78, 

93»i27,  152 
St.  Lawrence  Parish,  128 
St.  Lawrence,  Gulf  of,  56 
St.  Leger,  Col.,  66,  130,  131, 

152,  153»  154 

St.  Magdalene  Islands,  57 

St.  Paul  Island,  57 

St.  Peter's  Bank,  51 

St.  Pierre,   Lake,  61,  62,  65, 

93.  97 

Saratoga  Monument  Associa- 
tion, 168,  176 

Saratoga  Springs,  176 

Samaritans  (name  of  a  Hos- 
pital Guard),  1 18 

Sartorius,  Lieut.,  97,  104 

Schichten,  Capt.,  146 

Scheft'er,  cani.onier,  173 

Schenken-Schanz,  25,  26,  28, 

Schmidt  (Smith),  Capt.  Ed- 
ward, 32,  38,  52 

Schmidt  (Smith),  Capt,  Wm. 
P.,  169 

Schmidt,  Paymaster,  44 

Schoel,  Capt.,  89,  97,  159, 
172 

Schultz,  Councillor,    144 

Schutzen,  Lieut.,  90 


Scibold,  cannonier,  91 
Solomons,  Lieut.  Gen.,  25 
Sorel,    River,    see  St.    John's 

River 
Spangenburg,    Lieut.,    20-24, 

26,  31,40,  68,  -Ji,  81,  87, 

90  92.  97. 
Spech,  Col.,  159,  174. 
Specht,  Col.,  39.  41,  42,48, 

159. 
Specht,  Regiment  of,  93. 
Spithead,  39-43 
Stade,  39 
State  ot  the  Expedition  (Bur- 

goyne's)  referred  to,  162 
Stedman's    History    criticised, 

138 
Stillwater,  N.  Y.,  145,  162 
Stone,    Wm.     L.,    103  ;     his 

map  of  Battle  of  Oct.  7th, 

163. 
Stude,  an  Envoy,  43 
Suffolk,  Eirl  of,  4,  14,  17 
Sword's  House,  133 
Sword,    Thos.     son     of    the. 

owner  of  "  Sword's  House, 

»33 

'-pAYLOR,  a  Banker,  44 
■■■       Tartar,  a  Royal  frigate, 

Three  Rivers,   Town  of,   62, 

64,  72,  93,  106 
Tour,  Lieut.,  90 
Trinity  Church  Yard,  N.  Y., 

Thos.  Swords  buried  in,  133 
Twenty-Ninth  Regiment,  122 
Twiss,  Lieut.  Wm  ,151 


^ 
M 


62, 


TjNGEPv,amountebank,  143 
Utrecht,    27 

ylCTORIA,  Queen,  60 

Vincent,  Cape,  149 
Vogel,  Eugene,  see  Preface 
Vogt,  a  driver,  173 

T17ACHERS,  Capt.,  123 
^^       Wahl,  River,  28 
Waldeck,  Prince  of,  29 
Waldeck,     Prince,    Battalion 

and  Regiment  of,  40,  43 
Waldeck,  Town  of,  39 
Walpole,  Horace,  i 
Walter,  cannonier,  109 
Walworth,    Mrs.     Ellen    H., 

176. 
Washington,  Army  of,  158 
Weld,  quoted,  70,  74,  75 
Weil,  cannonier,  173 
West,  Cape,  57 
Westover,  Bird  R.  L.,  165 
Wilbur'sBasin,  133,  134,  154 
Wilkmson,  quoted,  174 
Wilhelmstadt,  32,  36 


INDEX.  jgr 


William  III,  Count  and  Land- 
grave of  Hesse-Cassel,  i, 
H»  18,  9,  25,  105,  175, 
170 

Williams,  Maj.,  67,  122,  125 

165,  169.  ' 

Williamson  (Williams?)  Mai 

"5 
Wind-Mill  Point  (Lake  Cham- 

plain),  82 
Woehler  (mis-printed  Wachter 

and  Wachler),  a  bombadier 

9^.172,  173 
Wutgmau,  Gen.  von,  21 

Wutginau,  Regiment  of,  42 

yAGER,     Battalion,     145, 

152,  162 
York,  Lieut.  Jno.  H.,  769 
Yorke,  Sir  Jos.,  4,  27 

ylECiENHAIN,     Fortress 
^     of,  18 

Zieuhler,  cannonier,  173 
Ziglamon,a  wagon-master,  142 
Zons,  23,  24 


Ifl 


ERRATA. 

Page  89,  1st  line,  for  Barness,  read  Earner. 
Page  129,  1st  line,  2d  If,  for  Barmer,  read  Barnes. 

Page  42,  1st  line,  3d.  1]  for  Wultgenau  and  Bunan,  read  Wutginau  and  Bunau 
P-ige  138,  last  l.ne  in  note,  after  John  J.  Dalgleish  F.  S.  A.  add  «« Scot,  of  West- 
grange,  and  of " 

Page  144,  13th  line  from  top,  for  fifty,  read  seventy. 

Page  ,74,  amo^ig  those  of  Pausch's  men  captured  read,  '« also  Bombadier  Wall.' 


